中国行业协会立法研究

【作者】 宋子慧；

【导师】 张忠军；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 法理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 行业协会是为达到行业的共同利益目标组织起来的有会员参加的一种非营利性的、非政府性的、自律性的社团法人组织。改革开放以来，我国行业协会培育、发展工作取得了巨大的成绩。目前，我国正处于社会转型期，行业协会的发展状况却不容乐观。研究行业协会的基本理论，探讨行业协会立法的理论问题具有重要的现实意义。文章着重从立法的角度对行业协会进行了研究，综合运用理论分析的方法和比较归纳的方法，主要分四部分进行论述。第一部分，导言。首先是问题的提出，行业协会在目前我国有许多突出的问题，通过行业协会立法对之予以规制是解决途径之一；其次是研究现状评述，考察了我国不同领域对行业协会的研究，发现行业协会的研究具有多领域和多视角、多调查和重实证、重制度和轻机制的特点；最后是研究的范围。第二部分，行业协会的基本理论问题。界定了行业协会的概念，又对相类似的几个概念进行比较之后，对行业协会的特征进行了归纳，即会员性、行业性、自律性、非政府性和非营利性，继而又考察了行业协会的功能，即服务功能、协调功能、保护功能、沟通功能、参政功能，最后，探讨了行业协会的性质，认为我国行业协会的性质是既具有公法性质又具有私法性质。第三部分，行业协会立法的比较考察。本部分考察了国外行业协会历史沿革和行业协会立法的状况，予以总结并得出启示。主要包括：尊重公民结社自由权并落到实处；在行业协会与政府的关系上，法团主义模式较多元主义模式在中国具有可行性；法律应对行业协会的行业规章制定权予以规范；行业协会立法必须从本国国情出发，不能盲目照搬照抄。第四部分，中国行业协会立法探讨。首先，评析了我国行业协会的立法现状；其次，从现实和法律角度探讨了行业协会的立法依据；再次，分析了行业协会立法模式；又次，研究了我国“行业协会法”的框架；最后，讨论了行业协会立法中三个重要问题，即法律与行业协会自治规章的关系，行业协会与政府的关系，行业协会与会员的关系。总之，立法机关应当在结合国外的先进经验的基础上依据我国国情对行业协会进行立法规制，这是一项复杂的工程。无论如何，行业协会有法可依，这就为行业协会充分发挥其功能提供了一个良好的制度基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Trade association is organized as a kind of non-profitable ,non-governmental and self-discipline community-legal person organization participated by the organizational members for the common interest purpose. The nurture and development of Chinese trade association have acquired great achievements since the beginning of reform and opening up. At present , however , there exists lots of problems in the developing conditions of ?trade association for that Chinese society is in the period of social transition. Therefore , it has very important realistic significance to research the basic theory of trade association and then study the theoretical issues for the legislation of trade association . The paper emphasizes more on the research of trade association from legislative perspective which was argued in four parts by applying such methods as theoretical analysis and comparative generalization comprehensively.The first section, introduction . The present of the issues first. There are many prominent problems for the present China’s trade association and one of the resolving pathways to which would impose restriction by means of establishing legislation of trade association . secondly , the research of trade association has such characters as multi-fields 、multi-angles of view、diversified investigation、 taking particular cases and institutions seriously but ignoring the mechanism, which was deduced through inspecting the discuss results about it of different academic fields .It is the evaluation of the present study situations . Finally , the paper gives the range of research .The second section ,basic theoretical issues of trade association. The conception of trade association was defined and its specificity , the quality of membership, of occupation ,of self-discipline, of non-government and of non-profit ?,was generalized after comparing some pieces of similar concept before ; then the function of trade association which includes the ones as service,coordination, protection ,communication , participation in government and political affairs, was investigated and the quality of trade association regarded as possessing both public and private laws was inquired in the end.The third section ,the legislative study of the foreign trade association. In this part , the historical changes and legislative conditions of foreign trade association were studied and summarized, ?and some senses was drawn forth in turn comprising ① respecting and implementing the free-right of forming an association for citizens.② the pattern of corporatism has more feasibility than that of pluralism for China on the relation between trade association and government.③ the right of establishing trade regulations of trade association should be standarded by laws.④ the legislation of trade association should start from the actual situations of China , but not copy from others blindly.The last section, inquisition of the legislation of Chinese trade association . First , the present legislative conditions of Chinese trade association was evaluated. Second, the legislative accordance of trade association was inquired from actual and legal perspective . Third, establishing Chinese “ Law of Trade Association”was put forward after analysing relevant legislative modes . ?Then the framework of Chinese “Law of Trade Association ”was considered and at last three essential issues were discussed consisting of the relationship between law and self-discipline of trade association , government and trade association , members and trade association .To sum up, legislative organ should perform legislative restriction to trade association according to Chinese actual situations on the basis of integrating foreign advanced experiences , which would be a piece of complex project. Having suitable laws to reference, whatever , ?provides a kind of good institutional basis for trade association to perform its function fully .更多还原