【作者】 曲伟娟；

【导师】 赵建林；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 光学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 光学实验的计算机仿真不仅在科学与工程计算方面发挥着重要作用，而且在光学教学方面也引起了广大教育工作者的广泛关注。使用不同工具编写的各种光学实验仿真应用软件大量涌现，掀起了光学实验仿真的热潮。 本文在仿真实验的基础上系统地探讨了利用Matlab实现光学实验仿真的理论和方法，并详细给出了光学实验的各种仿真结果。具体内容有： (1)光的干涉实验仿真。用光波波前叠加的方法实现了对两列球面波干涉、多光束干涉等实验的仿真；用传播矩阵描述衍射光波波前传播的方法对杨氏双缝和双孔干涉实验进行了仿真，并具体详细地分析了单缝衍射对双缝干涉的影响；另外还分析了光场的时间相干性对干涉条纹反衬度的影响。 (2)光的衍射实验仿真。具体分析了规则形状如单缝、矩孔、圆孔、圆盘、三角孔、黑白光栅及一些不规则形状等孔径的菲涅耳衍射和夫琅禾费衍射图样强度分布，为深入理解菲涅耳衍射和夫琅禾费衍射及其内在联系与区别提供了理论依据。 (3)光学像差仿真。以相-幅转化理论为基础，仿真光学波像差，得到了赛德尔像差和泽尼克多项式等多种像差的轮廓图与三维形状图等。应用金斯莱克(Kingslak)论述的方法对包含像差的典型双光束干涉图样进行了仿真分析。并在此基础上讨论了各类像差对干涉条纹的影响。 (4)光学4f系统仿真。讨论了利用光学4f系统进行光学信息处理的基本原理，并据此提出了仿真光学4f系统的算法。用仿真的4f系统实现了网格滤波以及图像相加、相减等光学信息处理实验。 (5)设计制作光学实验仿真软件界面。针对Matlab应用程序无法脱离其运行环境的缺点，结合Matcom4.5将Matlab的M文件转化成相同功能的C++代码，然后在Visual C++环境下将其编译成外部可执行文件，使整个软件可脱离Matlab环境运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent days, optical experiment simulations, as a novel alternative method different from theroy and experiment to explore new things, are attracting more and more attention from both scientists and teachers. Based on many simulative experiments, we present the optical simulative algorithm and results by using Matlab program and give an introduction to all the results from the simulations. The main work is as follows:(1)First, simulations of optical interference are presented. Two spherical waves and multiple spherical waves interference, and Yang’s interference experiments are simulated by using different methods. Two spherical waves interference is focused on the on-plane or out-plane of the spot light source plane and the observing plane. Then, we analyze how the temporal coherence of optical waves influence the contrast of the interference pattern. Furthermore, equal intense and unequal intense spherical waves interferences are investigated. Finally, Yang’s double slits and circle apertures simulative results are detailedly presented.(2) Second, simulations of optical diffraction are presented. The Fresnel and Franhufer diffraction patterns, of regular shapes screen such as slits, rectangular apertures, circle apertures, discs, triangle apertures, Ronchi gratings, and some irregular shapes screen, are observed in the different propagation distance. This clearly gives the relation and difference of the two diffraction patterns.(3) Third, optical aberrations are simulated. Based on phase-intensity transform principle, the simulation results of Seidel aberration and Zernike polynomial are provided. According to the Kingslak’s theory, the typical double beams interference patterns influenced by the aberrations are further analyzed.(4) Forth, simulations of 4/ optical system are presented. The optical information processing such as griddle filter and image plus&substract are realized by using the system.(5) Finally, a soft is programmed for the simulation of the optical experiment. It consists of all the above simulative programs, and dose not depend on the environment of Matlab or Visual C++. Based on the Matcom4.5, the m-files of Matlab are translated into C++ codes, then a suitable application program interface are designed by using Visual C++.更多还原