【作者】 马晓雯；

【导师】 付祥钊；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 住宅建筑能耗是民用建筑能耗的重要组成部分，而且随着经济的发展，它所占的比例也越来越高。我国目前的建筑节能特别是住宅建筑节能距国家的要求和与国外的建筑节能差距甚大。所以建筑节能，尤其是住宅建筑节能，应予以高度重视，作为重要课题来研究。尽管我国已经有了初步的建筑节能法规标准的框架体系，但"执法"却十分无力。由于缺乏配套的节能评价体系，因此对建筑设计和产品的节能评审往往流于形式，也无法正确地评估建筑节能的目标是否实现。所以，我国需要对节能建筑的设计和评审体系进行研究，发挥设计先导作用，严把设计审核关。国外在进行节能建筑的设计和审查建筑是否满足节能标准的要求时，一般是采用软件工具进行。目前，国外已经研究和开发出了大量的通用型能耗模拟软件和适用各建筑节能标准的设计软件，但大部分这些软件都有一个缺点--复杂。因此，我国需要研究适用于各节能标准的操作简单又值得信赖的设计与审查方法并开发相应的软件。本论文正是基于这种需要，研究应用居住建筑节能设计标准的设计和审查方法，并以深圳市为例，开发适用于建筑师和节能建筑审查人员的居住建筑节能设计和审查软件。本文提出的居住建筑节能设计与审查方法在我校99级硕士研究生侯余波提出的模型基础上作了以下两点改进：1) 先计算一些典型外围护结构情况下的基础数据，然后根据这些典型基础数据分析回归出相应外围护结构情况下的基础能耗计算公式，再根据基础能耗计算公式计算各种外围护结构情况下的基础数据。2) 将外墙和外窗分开来考虑，分别计算外墙和外窗的能耗。新模型具有更好的计算连续性，计算范围更广泛，用户对一些输入参数也更容易理解。按照建立的新模型，本文研究了深圳市居住建筑各种典型外围护结构的全年能耗规律，用DOE-2程序模拟出了28组典型屋顶的基础数据、20352组典型外墙的基础数据、57888组典型外窗的基础数据。然后根据这些典型基础数据，回归出了1组屋顶的基础能耗计算公式、424组外墙的基础能耗计算公式、6432组外窗的基础能耗计算公式，建立了深圳市居住建筑外围护结构的基础能耗计算公式库。在新模型的计算原理以及回归出的基础能耗计算公式的基础上，本文用Visual basic 6.0编程语言开发出了适合于建筑师和节能建筑审查人员使用的深圳市居住建筑节能设计与审查软件ShenEnergy。更多还原

【Abstract】 The energy consumption of the residential building is the important constitution of the civilian building’s energy consumption. And with the development of the economy, its proportion will increase more and more. At present, the building’s energy efficiency especially the residential building’s energy efficiency of our country has a long distance with the nation’s demand and with the other countries. Therefore, the building’s energy efficiency especially the residential building’s energy efficiency should be given much more consideration and be researched as an important task.Our country has the frame of primary codes and standards of the building’s energy efficiency, but the execution of these codes and standards is very faint. And due to lack of the energy efficiency’s evaluating system, the building’s energy efficiency evaluation is just a process, as a result we can’t be sure if a building has gotten the aim of the energy efficiency. So we should research on the energy efficient building’s design and evaluating system to use building design’s function of forerunner and to guard the examination gate.In the foreign, softwares are commonly used for energy efficient building’s design and examination. They have developed many universal energy simulation softwares and special design softwares applying energy efficiency standards. But these softwares have a universal disadvantage that is complexity. Thus, we need find a simple and reliable building’s design and examination method which is applying special energy efficiency standard and develop some softwares based on the method. This paper is based on this need to find the method and taking Shenzhen as a example to develop a residential building’s energy efficiency design and examination software.The residential building’s energy efficiency design and examination method advanced in this paper is based on the model which is brought forward by Hou Yubo and the method in this paper is made two modifications to her model:1) First is to calculate some typical exterior enclosure’s basic energy consumption data. Then based these typical basic energy consumption data, regress some formulas which can calculate any exterior enclosure’s basic energy consumption data. The aim is to calculate the building exterior enclosure’s basic energy consumption according to these formulas.<WP=7>2) Make the exterior wall and the exterior window as independent and individually calculate their energy consumption.The new model has good continuity in the calculation and the calculation range is more wide. Furthermore, users will easily understand some input parameters.According to the new model, the full-year’s energy consumption rules of some typical enclosures of Shenzhen have been studied. Besides, by the DOE-2 program, 28 groups’ basic data of the typical roofs, 20352 groups’ basic data of the typical exterior walls and 57888 groups’ basic data of the typical exterior windows have been simulated. Based on these basic data, 1 group’s basic energy consumption calculating formula of the roof, 424 groups’ basic energy consumption calculating formulas of the exterior wall and 6432 groups’ basic energy consumption calculating formulas of the exterior widow have been regressed. Then the data-base of the residential building’s exterior enclosure’s basic energy consumption calculating formulas of Shenzhen has been built.Based on the new model and the basic energy consumption calculating formulas, the author developed residential building’s energy efficiency design and examination software of Shenzhen －ShenEnergy.By contrast the calculated results of the ShenEnergy program and the DOE-2 program, the author analyzed the difference of the two programs. To reduce or eliminate the difference of the two programs, the author built 4 modificatory formulas by ortho-across experiment and curve matching method. And using the 4 modificatory formulas the author modified the ShenEnergy program. After this modification, the two programs have little difference in the calculating results.更多还原