【作者】 刘洋；

【导师】 谢建军；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)或马来酸酐(MA)为单体，分别用过硫酸钾(PPS)和N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)做引发剂和交联剂，在水溶液中合成了两种二元共聚型吸水性树脂：丙烯酰胺／2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(PAMA)和丙烯酰胺／马来酸酐(PAMM)。 在PAMA树脂的合成过程中，先确定了反应的升温方式及时间，再用正交实验法与单因素考察，获得了PAMA树脂的最佳反应条件：单体配比n(AMPS):n(AM)=1:1，单体质量分数[M]=20％，交联剂质量分数[C]=0.01％，引发剂质量分数[I]=0.02％，中和度N为65％，反应温度60℃(4h)→80℃(3h)，反应时间7h。在此条件下合成的树脂于室温下的吸蒸馏水倍率和吸生理盐水倍率分别达到2215g／g及119g／g。 研究讨论了PAMA树脂在不同的一价、二价、三价盐溶液以及不同pH值溶液中的吸液倍率，并对其规律进行了分析。 测定了其在人工尿、人工血、不同水温、不同有机溶剂中的吸液倍率。 对PAMA树脂在水／有机物混合溶液中的吸液行为进行了研究，并给予了初步解释。 此外，还对PAMA树脂在蒸馏水和生理盐水中的吸液速率及恒温保水性能、高温砂土保水性能进行了测定。 在PAMM树脂的合成过程中，先确定了反应的升温方式及时间，再用正交实验法及单因素考察，获得了PAMM树脂的较佳反应条件：单体配比n(AM):n(MA)=5:1，单体质量分数[M]=25％，交联剂质量分数[C]=0.02％，引发剂质量分数[I]=0.4％，中和度N为130％，反应温度30℃(4h)→60℃(4h)→80℃(3h)，反应时间11h。刘洋:聚丙烯酞胺系高吸水性树脂研究在此条件下合成的树脂于室温下的吸蒸馏水倍率和吸生理盐水倍率分别达到31939/9及2139/g。 测定了PAMM树脂在蒸馏水及生理盐水中的吸液速率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using acrylamide(AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid(AMPS), maleic anhydride (MA) as monomers, potassium persulfate (PPS) and N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylmide(NMBA) as initiator and crosslinker respectively, the PAMA(i.e. poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) and PAMM(i.e, poly(acrylamide-co-maleic anhydride) were prepared in aqueous solution.During the experiment of preparing PAMA, after the method of temperature-rising had been decided, the optimum polymerization condition was obtained by combining orthogonal design and single-factor-study: n(AMPS):n(AM)=l:l, the mass percent of total monomers [M]=20%, of initiator [I]=0.02%, of crosslinker [C]=0.01%, and the degree of neutralization of AMPS N=65%, reaction temperature 60℃(4h)→80℃(3h), reaction time 7h. The absorbencies of the PAMA, which are synthesized under the above conditions, in distilled water and in 0.9wt%NaCl aqueous solution are up to 2215g/g and 119g/g, respectively.The effects of various salt solutions and the pH values of solutions on the swelling properties were studied systematically, and the swelling behaviors of the PAMA in these salt solutions were explained.The absorbencies of the PAMA in artificial urine, in artificial blood, in water at different temperature, and in different organic solvents were measured.The swelling behaviors of the PAMA in the mixtures of some water/organic solvent were also investigated, and were explained.In addition, the swelling rates of the PAMA in distilled water and in 0.9wt%NaCl aqueous solution, the water retention of water-saturated gel at constant temperature, and the water retention in sand at high temperature were also measured.During the experiment of preparing PAMM, after deciding the method of the temperature-rising, the relatively optimum polymerization conditions was obtained by combining orthogonal design and single-factor-study: n(AM):n(MA)=5:l, the mass percent of total monomers [M]=25%, of initiator [I]=0.4%, of crosslinker [C]=0.02%, and the degree of neutralization of MA N=130%, reaction temperature 30℃(4h)→60℃(4h)→80℃(3h), reaction time 11 h. The absorbencies of the PAMM, which are synthesized under the above conditions, in distilled water and in 0.9wt%NaCl aqueous solution are up to 3193g/g and 213g/g, respectively.The swelling rates of the PAMM in distilled water and in 0.9wt%NaCl aqueous solution were measured.更多还原