【作者】 黄志娜；

【导师】 薛澜；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 行政管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 软件产业是中国经济发展的重要产业。近年来，中国软件企业在数量上发展很快，但大部分规模较小，普遍缺乏国际竞争力。了解中国软件企业的成长特性将有助于我们促进中国软件产业乃至整个中国经济的发展。本论文将通过对中国软件企业成长表现的考察与比较，总结中国软件企业的主要成长路径，并分析在不同成长路径下企业成长的关键影响因素，特别是企业内部的资源和胜任。本文采用了实地调研和案例分析的研究方法。作者对北京、济南和西安的24家软件企业及6家软件业相关单位进行了实地调研和访谈，调研的结果表明，中国的软件企业主要有基础软件商、应用软件商、系统集成商、专业加工者四种成长路径。文中建立了软件企业成长模型，用三个维度：软件产品化程度（开发活动特性）、软件服务化程度（用户参与度）、软件产品技术特性去描述这四种成长路径。软件企业的成长受外部环境、战略、企业内部资源和胜任等多个因素的影响。由于技术和市场特性不同，不同的成长路径软件企业的成长关键影响因素有很大差异。本文根据所建立的软件企业成长阶段模型，分析了不同成长路径所具有的不同的技术和市场特性，从理论上演绎了各个影响因素对不同类型软件企业成长的作用程度。特别对于企业内部的资源和胜任，文中从营销和销售技能、合作活动能力、人力资源和管理能力、技术和管理能力四个管理领域分析了企业成长的关键胜任要素，并通过对两个软件企业的过程性案例研究深入分析了企业胜任在不同成长阶段的演进。本文认为，企业必须认识到不同成长路径中所需企业胜任的差异，而将资源有效地配置到最重要的组织能力发展中去。在成长的过程中，企业需要不断发展和更新组织能力以适应不同成长阶段业务特性的变化。而政府应当有针对性地为软件企业创造有利的外部环境，并通过其他各种手段促进不同成长路径软件企业关键组织能力的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Software industry is an important industry for the development of Chinese economy. In recent years, the Chinese software companies have increased quickly in term of numbers, but most of them are small and non-competitive. Knowing the nature of software companies’ growth will help us promote the development of Chinese software industry and the whole economy. This paper is aimed at improving our understanding of software companies’ growth, summarizing the major growth paths of Chinese software companies, and analysing the key factors in different growth paths, especially the internal resources and competencies of companies.This empirical study is based on on-site interviews and case studies. Researchers had interviewed 24 software companies and 6 related organizations in Beijing, Jinan and Xi’an. The results show that there are four major growth paths: fundamental software provider, application provider, system integrator, and professional coder. We designed a growth stage model of software companies, describing the growth paths with three dimensions: product degree (nature of software development activities), service degree (customer-involved degree), and technological nature of software products.There are three groups of factors in the growth of software companies: external environment, strategy, and internal resources and competencies. Due to the difference on technology and market nature, the key factors of companies in different growth paths are not the same. Based on the software company growth stage model, this paper analysed the different technology and market nature of different growth paths, and determined the effects of various factors on software companies. In specific, we analysed the key elements of internal resources and competencies: marketing and sales skills, cooperative skills, human resources management skills, technology management skills, and researched the evolvement process of competencies through case studies.<WP=5>Based on above analysis, we suggest that software companies need to understand the different competencies needed in various growth paths, and allocate resources into the development of the core competencies. In the course of growth, companies need to develop and update capabilities continuously in order to adapt to the changing business natures in stages. In addition, the government should create customized policies for companies in different growth paths to promote the development of the key capabilities.更多还原