【作者】 吴小玲；

【导师】 唐凌；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 作为环北部湾经济圈的重要组成部分，广西北部湾地区具有发展对外交往的良好地理历史条件。远在汉朝时期，该地区就是史籍上记载的最早的中国“海上丝绸之路”的起点之一，从汉至明清，海上丝绸之路两千年不衰，有力地促进了本地区经济文化发展和民族融合，但由于诸多因素的制约，它始终未能形成中国南部海运中心。1876年北海开埠后，以北海为中心的近代北部湾对外通道格局迅速形成。频繁的经济文化交往，人员的频繁互动，民族的不断融合发展，进一步强化了对外通道格局，加速了本地区经济和民族现代化，对近代西南地区经济文化的发展也产生了重大影响。历经百年沧桑，北部湾对外通道走过了一段曲折的道路，正日益成为西南出海大通道。本文运用交往理论、比较史学等理论，采用计量等方法来从对外经济交往及移民与文化传播这两个角度来透视从开埠到开放（1876年——1984年）一百多年间北部湾地区对外通道格局。本文认为，广西北部湾地区的地理条件决定了其对外交通的特点，该地区在中国古代对外交往中的传统地位成为近代对外通道格局形成和发展的历史基础；开埠是北部湾地区对外通道从传统格局走向近代格局的一个重大转折点，开埠后，北部湾地区被迫纳入了整个资本主义世界的范围，经济交往的需要催促了近代北部湾地区交通建设的全面启动，对外贸易的进一步发展，区域市场多元化格局的出现，以北海为中心的近代对外通道新格局形成。北部湾地区与外部世界发生了更广泛的经济文化联系，由被动的开埠走向了主动的开放。对外经济文化交往与对外通道的发展是相互依存的，而近代中国社会的特殊性也造就了移民及文化现象与对外通道格局的密切联系，体现了从开埠走向开放的近百年间北部湾对外通道所具有的无限发展空间。北部湾对外通道经历了从形成—衰落—重新崛起的发展过程，衰落是阶段性的，而发展则始终是主流的。但由于近代北部湾地区的开埠并非完全源于其内部自身发展的需要，而是外来压力的结果，经济发展更多地显现出畸形化发展特征，各类政治因素的切入往往对各个不同时期对外通道格局的变化产生至关重要的作用，近代对外通道的正常发展及区域优势的充分发挥受到严重影响。中国改革开放后，北部湾地区开始了新的历史性飞跃。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important part of the Northern Gulf economic ring, the region of Guangxi Gulf possesses good conditions both geographically and historically to be opened to the world. As early as in Han dynasty, it had been one of the earliest starting ports of so-called Chinese Silk Road in sea. From Han to Ming and Qing dynasty, the Chinese Sink Road in Sea had been glorious for 2000 years and strongly promoted the develoment of economy and culture, and the mixture of the nationalities. Nevertheless, it had never been the center of South China Sea transportation because of some limitations. The way with its center in Beihai in modern times to the outsite world rapidly came into beings after the opening of Beihai port. The regular economic and cultural exchanges, the mutual visiting of the opening of the people and the contionuous mixture the nationalities in this region and produced great impact on the development of economy and culture in Southwest China. The region of the Northern Gulf now is becoming a grand passage for Southwest China after many rapid changes for its opening.This paper analyses the structure the open of the region of the Northern Gulf in nearly 100 year form two aspects: the associations with foreign economy and culture spreading by means of contact theory, comparative historiography and calculation. This paper regards the geographical conditions in this region determine the characteristics of the transportation to the outsite world, the tradition position for the contact to the outside in this region in anscient China had laid a foundation for the forming and development of the way opened to the world. The opening of the port is an important turning point for the patterns from tradional to the modern ones. After the opening, this region was forced to join the capitalist world. The requirement for the contact in economy spurred the opening of the traffic construction in modern times. The way with Beihai as its center to the outside in modern times was established with the further dvelopment of foreign trade and the presence of the multi-markets. As this region had more connection with the world in economy and culture, the opening was changed from passiveness to activeness. The contact of forign trade and culture had close connection with the development for the passage opened to the world. The speciality of modern Chinese society was connected in immigration and culture with this pattern. It reveals the limitless space of the development for the Northern Gulf from its opening to the open to the world in about 100 years. The way of the Northern Gulf to the world had the experience of forming, fall and the rise-again. The fall was periodic and the development was the mainflowing. The economic development in this region was abnormal because the opening of port was not for the demestic requirement but for<WP=5>foreign force. Some political elements had great impact for the way of this region to the outsite world in different periods. The region of the Northern Gulf has begun a historic leap after China carries out its opening-up and reform policy.更多还原