【作者】 庞庆华；

【导师】 潘郁；

【作者基本信息】 南京工业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 在当今的市场中，企业的竞争主要取决于产品的供货周期、质量和售后服务水平。先进的管理是实现上述目标的一个重要手段。而调度是管理的核心内容和关键技术，其任务是在企业有限的资源约束下，确定相关资源在相关设备上的加工顺序和加工时间，以保证所选定的生产目标最优。科学地制定调度方案，对于控制企业的在制品库存、提高产品交货期满足率、缩短产品供货周期和提高企业生产率起着至关重要的作用。 随着市场的变化，企业所面临的环境也是复杂多变的，如：越来越短的产品生命周期、快速的技术革命、供应资源的不确定性、定制生产和个性服务、准时生产和敏捷制造等，特别是在成组技术被广泛的应用，生产品种繁多，工艺路线各不相同，以致生产过程变得非常复杂。如何在这种变化的环境中站住脚跟取得胜利是每个企业都要面对的严峻考验。众多成功企业的经验表明：柔性是企业在剧烈变化的环境中求得生存和发展的一个不可缺少的因素。 本文以柔性为出发点，讨论了柔性的含义及其测量方法。在此基础上，详细论述了在实际生产过程中影响调度的众多因素，以及目前解决柔性调度的一些理论方法，并提出一种理论上可行的解决方法。将柔性引入到决策支持系统设计中，就产生了柔性设计机制这一用来解决复杂调度问题的先进思想方法。本文采用柔性设计机制，讨论了在Windows 2000 Advanced Server平台上应用PowerBuilder7.0开发工具开发“多品种、小批量生产作业计划调度决策支持系统”的方法，并对系统的设计过程、功能组成以及模拟运行情况给予了详细的分析和研究。 由于本文所采用的生产作业调度排序方式属于单件车间生产作业（Job Shop）模型，其应用算法在理论上被证明为NPC（Non-polynomial Complete）难题，在理论上难以找到实用的求解最优的方法，只能得出近优或者满意解。本文算法的一个重要组成论述了怎样应用启发式算法，对Job-Shop车间生产排序问题的一个分支——“多品种、小批量”的生产作业排序问题求得满意解的过程。 本文的另一个重要组成部分是用计算机语言（Power Builder7.0）实现人工排序向计算机排序的转化。针对不同的优化目标F_max、T_max、C_max系统可以选 摘要 用不同的优化方法；结合柔性控制技术。重组技术，提高系统的实用性，使生产 作业流程重新组合；系统的灵活操作性和系统信息深层次的共享，以及企业PD （Products Data）的深层挖掘等三个方面是系统的难点所在。 本文的最后一部分通过对扬子石化检修安装公司生产加工“工艺规程”中的 部分实例进行模拟分析，展示了系统的具体使用方法和操作流程，算例结果也初 步验证了系统所采用算法的合理性和可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays in the market, winner comes out from competition between enterprises mainly by its products’ supply cycle and quality and the level of post-sale services. The advanced management is an important means to reach the goals above. But scheduling is the core and the key technique of the management. The task of scheduling is to define the processing order and processing time of the correlative resources on the correlative equipment within the restriction of limited resources of enterprise and to ensure the selected production target is the optimum. A scientific scheduling will play an important role on controlling the stock of the manufacture, shortening products’ supply cycle, enhancing the satisfaction of the product delivery and raising productivity.With the change of market, the environment the enterprises face is complicated and changeful, for example, shorter and shorter the product’s life cycle, the frequent technology revolution, the uncertainty of supply resources, the tailor-made production and individual service, JIT, Agile, etc., especially, with group technology widely applied the product is various and technology process is quite different from each other. All these make production process become vary complicated. How to survive in the changeful environment is a severe ordeal for every enterprise. The experience makes known that flexibility is an indispensable ingredient for the enterprises to survive and develop in such acutely variable environment.From the point of flexibility, the meaning of flexibility and its measuring methods are discussed. Following these, the multitudinous factors which affect scheduling in actual production process and some theories which solve problems of flexible scheduling are presented, then based on these, a feasible solution in theory has been put forward. Introduced flexibility to designing decision-making supporting system, the advanced procedure mind, which can solve problem of quite complicated scheduling by flexible design mechanism, has been advanced. In the paper, with flexible design mechanism. Windows 2000 Advanced Server OS and PowerBuilder7.0. a prototype of algorithm has been drafted to design decision supportmulti-type and small-batch production scheduling.The multi-type and small-batch Heuristic Algorithm used in Job-Shop has been proved as Non-polynomial difficult problem in the world. Non-polynomial complete algorithm to deal with the problem of Job-Shop process scheduling is impossible to find optimum solution in theory, so the problem can only be solved with satisfaction answer or near optimum solution. From this aspect, a model of Heuristic Algorithm has been built to get the satisfaction answer to the question.Another important aspect of the thesis is using the programming tools to realize the transform from manual work to computer-aided scheduling. Applying different optimization methods for different optimization goals: Fmax, Tmax, Cmax, and incorporating with flexible controlling technology, reengineering technology can reorganize the manufacture processing. Operational flexibility of the system, sharing system information in deep level and developing product data (PD) of enterprise in depth are the very three points of difficulty.Finally, an example from Nanjing Yangtze Petrochemical Maintenance and Installation Co., LTD to produce processing ’Technique Regulations’ with such system is given and analyzed in simulation. The result of Algorithm proves the feasibility and reasonableness of adopting the Algorithm in such system.更多还原