【作者】 阙金华；

【导师】 张洪程； 戴其根；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 2000-2001年，在江苏太湖稻区昆山市（玉山镇）和锡山区（羊尖镇）、沿江高砂土稻区泰兴市（根思乡）、里下河稻区高邮市（高邮镇）与建湖县（上冈镇）以及淮北稻区东海县（平明镇）试验基地上各定位试验5-6块田，每块田设置高产施氮区及无氮区两处理，在统一的高产栽培条件下，研究用于确定各试验基地主栽粳稻品种高产（亩产650-700Kg）总施氮量的斯坦福公式中的三个基本参数，即目标产量需氮量、氮素当季利用率和土壤供氮量。在此基础上，于2001-2002年在昆山、高邮、东海的不同基础地力上设置了专题验证试验，除对所获的三个参数验证完善外，重点验证斯坦福公式在应用中的可行性，以及高产与优质的协调性。现将本研究所得结果介绍如下： （1）施氮区水稻产量与对应的每百公斤稻谷需氮量呈二次方程关系：Y=-1384.7x²+5928.5x-5668.3(R=0.7849^**；n=91)。大多数粳稻品种亩产量达650～700Kg的高产水平时，百公斤稻谷需氮量相对比较稳定，36个样本100％集中在1.9～2.3Kg之间，平均为2.1Kg，因此，取2.1Kg可涵盖绝大部分粳稻品种高产时的每百公斤稻谷需氮量。 （2）在各试验点不同水平地力基础上，主栽粳稻品种在施氮15～23Kg／667m²条件下水稻氮素当季利用率与产量呈极显著正相关。40％的氮素当季利用率是实现目标产量亩产700Kg的低限临界指标值。扬州大学2003届硕士学位论文 （3）水稻基础地力产量（不施氮区水稻产量）、土壤耕作层（0^ZOcm）碱解氮、全氮、有机质含量及对应的施氮区实际产量均与不施氮区土壤供氮量呈极显著正相关。因此，可把它们作为诊断或预测土壤供氮量的指标。其中以水稻基础地力产量与土壤供氮量的相关性最好。针对应用过程中，无法了解同季（当年）的水稻基础地力产量，且土壤耕作层碱解氮、全氮和有机质含量需要化学分析的实际情况，探讨了根据应用田块前1一2年实际水稻产量（正常年景和正常施肥）、并参照前茬作物产量水平来预测土壤供氮量的方法。 （4）昆山、高邮、东海三点的验证性试验结果一致表明:应用斯坦福公式计算总施氮量是可行的，在实际应用过程中，目标产量（亩产700Kg）每百公斤稻谷需氮量为2.IKg，氮素当季利用率为40%是可靠的，计算总施氮量的准确度主要取决于土壤供氮量的预测值与土壤实际供氮量的吻合度。 （5）在选用优质品种的前提下，在施用达目标产量总氮量时，产量与主要品质指标可在较高水平上得到统一，反之，高产与外观品质会存在较大矛盾，其中至白率和至白度大，影响了稻米的品质等级。要解决此矛盾，要在选用外观品质优越而稳定的品种前提下适当降低施氮量。更多还原

【Abstract】 A series of experiments were conducted at different ecological regions in Jiansu Province, including Kunshan City(Yushan Towm) and Xishan(Yangjian Town) in Taihu area, Taixing City (Gensi Towm) in area along Yangtze Rive with high sand soil, Gaoyou City (Gaoyou Towm) and Jianhu County(Shanggang Towm) in Lixiahe area and Donghai County(Pingming Towm) in Huaibei area, during 2000-2001. For calculating the total amount of N application, three parameters of Stanford formulae, i.e. N requirement of the expectant yield, N fertilizer recovery and N supplied in the soil, were studied with the pairwise comparison experiments in applying vs no applying nitrogen under the grain yield 650-700Kg/667m2 of major Japonica varieties. On basis of above analyses, with the exception of calibrating three parameters, the validating experiments, about the feasibility of using Stanford formulae and the harmony between high yield and good quality, were carried out in the different basic fertility soil at Kunshan , Gaoyou and Donghai during 2001- 2002. The main results were as follows:(l)There was a parabola relationship between the yield of N-applying and the corresponding N-quantity of consumption to produce 100kg grains. The parabola equation was Y=-1384.7x2+5928.5x-5668.3 (R=0.7849**: n=91). The N-quantity of consumption to produce 100kg grains in the most Japonica varieties was relatively stable and 36 samples centralized on the range from 1.9kg to 2.3kg, average 2.1kg, under the yield 650 to 700Kg/667m2. So the 2.1kg can adapted to the most Japonicavarieties under the high yield.(2) There was a significant positive correlation between rice yield of N-applying with N recovery in this season under N-application at 15-23 kg/667m2 in different basic fertility soil. The 40% is the low-limit of critical index of N-recovery to obtain the expectant yield 700Kg/667m2.(3)There were significant positive correlation between rice yield of no applying N (indicate soil fertility), the content of alkaline hydrolytic N, total N and organic matter in tillage layer (0-20cm), rice yield of N-applying and N-supplied in the soil of no N-applying. They can be adopted as an index to diagnose and forecast N supplied in the soil. Contraposing the actual condition of being unaware of the rice yield of no applying N in this season, the content of alkaline hydrolytic N, total N and organic matter should be needed chemical analyses, the way was discussed to forecast N supplied in the soil according to yield of previous rice or other crops (the normal years and management).(4) The results of the validating experiment showed that Stanford formulae used to calculate the total amount of N application is feasible at Kunshan, Gaoyou and Donghai. The N-quantity of consumption to produce 100kg grains of the expectant yield(700Kg/667m2) 2.1kg and N fertilizer recovery 40% are credible. The accuracy of calculating the total amount of N application was primarily related to the fitness between the predication data and the actual data of N supplied in the soil.(5)On the base of applying excellent cultivars, high yield and good quality may be well coordinated at a relatively high level under applying total amount of nitrogen that can attain expectant yield. On the contrary, obvious contradictions existed between high yield and apparent qualities. Among them, chalkiness rate and chalkiness area were high that affected the grade of rice quality. In order to solve the contradictions, it should properly reduce amount of nitrogen and choose suitable rice variety with good quality.更多还原