【作者】 唐铁军；

【导师】 彭健；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选择了6种非淀粉多糖酶制剂，以双低菜粕、稻谷和小麦原料以及以它们为基础的日粮为试验材料，采用体外(in vitro)酶解-透析技术，对不同非淀粉多糖酶制剂在双低菜粕、稻谷和小麦日粮中的作用效果从体外进行了评价和筛选，并通过饲养试验探讨了非淀粉多糖酶制剂在双低菜粕、稻谷和小麦日粮中的应用效果。结果如下： 1．体外评价了4种非淀粉多糖酶制剂对双低菜粕和稻谷原料的作用效果，并根据结果进行了筛选。评价指标包括干物质、蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的消化率。结果表明，在双低菜粕中加入不同的非淀粉多糖酶制剂，对双低菜粕干物质和蛋白质消化率的改善效果不同，其中酶B极显著(P＜0.01)提高了双低菜粕蛋白质的消化率(68.50％ vs 64.78％)。对稻谷中干物质、蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的消化率，加入4种不同的非淀粉多糖酶制剂，作用效果也不相同。其中加入酶A和酶B后干物质的消化率相比不加酶组分别提高了54.9％和58.4％，差异极显著(P＜0.01)；加入酶A和酶B后还分别显著(P＜0.05)和极显著(P＜0.01)提高了中性洗涤纤维的消化率，相比不加酶组分别提高了55.9％和72.5％。酶C和酶D对双低菜粕和稻谷中干物质和蛋白质的消化率改善效果都不明显。表明针对双低菜粕和稻谷选择适宜的非淀粉多糖酶制剂，可提高双低菜粕和稻谷营养物质的消化率。 2．体外评价了筛选出的2种非淀粉多糖酶制剂在双低菜粕和稻谷日粮中的作用效果，从而对酶制剂在动物日粮中的应用效果进行了预测。结果表明，在稻谷日粮中加入酶A和酶B，稻谷日粮中干物质和蛋白质的消化率相比不加酶组均有显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)的提高；在双低菜粕日粮中加入酶B，极显著(P＜0.01)改善了双低菜粕日粮干物质和蛋白质的消化率。表明在双低菜粕和稻谷日粮中加入非淀粉多糖酶制剂，可改善日粮营养物质的消化率，通过体外评价酶制剂对饲料原料营养物质消化率的改善效果，可反映该酶制剂在相应日粮中的作用效果。 3．用饲养试验探讨了非淀粉多糖酶制剂在稻谷和双低菜粕日粮中的应用效果。结果显示，在稻谷型日粮中加入2种不同的非淀粉多糖酶制剂，生长肥育猪生产性能有明显改善，经济效益明显提高，其中加入酶制剂的两组后期平均日增重分别比不加酶组(615.4g／d，634.0g／d，vs 534.1g／d)高15.22％和18.70％，饲料利用率相比不加酶组(3.76，3.51 vs 4.40)分别显著(P＜0.05)和极显著(P＜0.01)改善；在双低菜粕型日粮中加入酶B，生长肥育猪的生产性能无明显改善，但前期饲料利用率相比不加酶组(2.48vs2.65)有改善趋势。结果表明，在稻谷和双低菜粕日粮中加入以木聚糖酶为主的非淀粉多糖酶制剂，可提高日粮营养物质的消化率，改善生长肥育猪的生产性能，并可降低饲料成本，提高经济效益。双低菜粕、稻谷及小麦类型日粮中非淀粉多糖酶制剂的体外筛选与应用效果研究 4.体外预测了4种不同酶制剂以及同种酶制剂4种不同水平对双低菜粕和小麦日粮的作用效果。结果表明，不同的酶制剂对双低菜粕日粮干物质和蛋白质的改善效果不同，其中加入酶F后双低菜粕日粮干物质和蛋白质的消化率相比不加酶组分别提高了7.97%和7.23%，改善趋势明显。在双低菜粕日粮中添加酶A，不同添加水平下对干物质和蛋白质消化率的改善效果不同，其中以中间水平2509八和5009八作用效果较好。在小麦日粮中加入2种酶制剂作用效果也不相同，其中加入酶E后小麦日粮蛋白质的消化率比玉米一豆粕日粮高8.3%，差异显著(P<0.05)。表明在双低菜粕和小麦日粮中加入非淀粉多糖酶制剂可提高日粮干物质和蛋白质的消化率，但酶制剂的种类、来源以及添加水平都会影响非淀粉多糖酶制剂的作用效果，在应用于动物日粮时应综合考虑这些因素。 5.在前期研究的基础上，选择了4种不同的非淀粉多糖酶制剂，其中酶A设4个水平，用饲养试验探讨了不同酶制剂不同水平在生长肥育猪双低菜粕日粮和小麦日粮中的应用效果。结果显示，在双低菜粕中加入4种不同的酶制剂对生长肥育猪的生产性能改善效果不同。其中加入酶B后生长肥育猪前期平均日增重达到58一09/d，相比不加酶组(528.69/d)显著提高(P(0.05)，全期平均日增重达到了880.19/d，相比玉米一豆粕日粮(830.2岁d)显著(P<0.05)提高;加入酶E和酶F后两组前期料肉比分别达到了2.36和2.39，相比不加酶组饲料利用率(2.50)分别极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)改善。在双低菜粕日粮中添加酶A，酶的添加水平不同，酶A对生长肥育猪的生产性能改善效果不同，综合来看以中间水平5009/d为最佳。在小麦日粮中加入酶E，小麦日粮前期饲料利用率(2.25vs2.46)和平均日增重(9179/d vs 853.39/d)相比玉米一豆粕型日粮都有极显著(P(0. 01)的改善。结果表明，在双低菜粕和小麦日粮中加入适宜水平的特定酶制剂，可改善生长肥育猪的生产性能，而在小麦日粮中改善效果更明显。从生长肥育猪对酶制剂的反应来看，酶制剂在动物幼龄阶段作用效果更明显。 研究表明，选择适宜的NSP酶制剂可改善双低菜粕、稻谷和小麦的营养物质消化率。应用于生长肥育猪的双低菜粕、稻谷和小麦日粮?更多还原

【Abstract】 Enzyme supplementation of cereal-based diets can significantly improve the nutritive value of diets and bring further improvement of animal performance. An in vitro incubation system was used to assess six enzyme preparations regarding activities toward the digestbility of dry matter and protein in double-low rapeseed meal, rice and wheat with the objective of identifying those preparations that possessed potential for improvement of the nutrive value of those feeds. Promising preparations were evaluated further in feeding trials utilizing growing-finishing pigs. The results are as follows:The effects of four enzyme preparations for non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) on the double-low rapeseed meal(DLRM) and rice respectively were evaluated in vitro, and promising preparations were selected according to the results. The indicators included the digestibility of dry matter, protein, and neutral detergent fiber(NDF). The results show that the different promising preparations have the different effects on the digestibility of dry matter and protein. Moreover, enzyme B extremely significantly (P<0. 01) improved the protein digestibility (68. 50% VS 64. 78) of DLRMs. Four enzyme preparations have different effects on the digestibility of nutrients in the rice too. Enzyme A and B inclusions improved significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significantly (P<0.01) the digestibility of dry matter ,protein and NDF in rice. Compared the group without enzyme supplementation, the digestibility of dry matter were improved by 54. 9% and 58. 4% respectively and the digestibility of NDF were improved by 55. 9% and 72. 5% respectively. Enzyme C and D inclusions failed to improved the digestibility of dry matter, protein and neutral detergentfiber in DLRM and rice. This indicated that the digestibility of nutrients in DLRM and rice might be improved by selecting appropriate enzyme preparations.The effects of the two selected enzymes on DLRM and rice based diets were predicted by evaluating in vitro. The results indicate that: compared to the negative groups, the digestibility of dry matter and protein in the diets, which were added enzyme A and B respectively, was significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significantly (P<0.01) improved. Enzyme B supplematation significantly (P<0. 05) improved the digestibility of dry matter and protein in the DLRM based diets. This suggested that the digestibility of the nutrients in DLRM and rice diets might be improved by selecting appropriate enzymes. Moreover, the effects of the enzymes on the feed based diets may be predicted by evaluating their activities toward the digestibility of the nutrients in the feeds in vitro.The practical effects of the enzymes on DLRM and rice based diets were discussed through feeding trial. The results show that the performance of the growing-finishing pigs were improved which were feed by the diets with two different enzyme supplementation. The economic benefit was improved too. Compared to the average daily gain of the negative groups (615. 4g/d, 634.0 g/d, VS 534.1 g/d), in the late period of this trial, the average daily gain of the positive groups, whose diets were added the two different enzymes, were improved by 15. 22%, 18. 70%; moreover, compared to the feed utilization rate of the negative groups (3.76, 3.51 VS 4.40), were significantly (P<0.05) and extremely significantly (P<0.01) improved; however, the performance of the growing pigs feed by the diets with enzyme B inclusion, was not improved notely, but compared to the feed utilization rate of the negative groups (2. 48 VS 2. 65), it showed a improving trend in early stage. This indicates that the performance of the growing-finishing pigs and economic benefit may be improved by adding enzymes for NSP to DLRM and rice based diets.With four different enzymes and four different levels of the same enzyme supplementation in DLRM and rice based diets, the effects of enzymes on the digestibility of the diets were predicted. The results indicated that: the different enzymes have the different effect on更多还原