【作者】 张衍；

【导师】 夏虹；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 核能科学与工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 饱和汽轮机是船用核动力装置的重要组成部分，而转子是其主要工作部件，通过转子轴心轨迹来识别转子工况，对监测转子状态保证其正常运行，减少事故发生率，具有十分重要的意义。 本文在阅读了大量关于转子动平衡和轴心轨迹识别方法资料的基础上，以船用核动力装置中的饱和汽轮机为对象，运用转子动力学理论，对汽轮机转子的振动特性、转子常见故障及其轴心轨迹特征进行了研究，设计出了汽轮机转子动平衡计算程序，从模式识别的角度研究、设计了基于BP网络的转子轴心轨迹识别系统。本系统以计算机为主体，实时采集机组运行中的各种参数，通过计算机进行实时分析与处理，对饱和汽轮机转子的运行状态进行评估，并进行显示、记录、对异常状态进行报警，并对故障状态进行诊断。本系统集数据采集、状态监测、故障诊断于一体，功能完善，操作方便，对指导饱和汽轮机的运行与维修具有重要的实用价值。 为了对转子故障进行分析，并对转子故障特性进行识别，在转子特性实验台架上利用影响系数法动平衡计算程序进行了转子动平衡实验研究，实验结果表明该程序能正确给出平衡重量及其相位，同时也验证了影响系数法的可行性及程序的正确性。此外还模拟了转子不平衡与转子不对中的多组实验，获取了大量的实验数据，利用这些数据对所设计的基于BP神经网络的轴心轨迹识别系统的网络结构进行了训练生成，利用该识别系统对转子的不平衡、不对中故障进行了在线识别，实验结果表明系统得到的轴心轨迹与故障模式完全匹配，从而验证了根据轴心轨迹进行故障分析与故障诊断的可行性与有效性，也验证了所设计的轴心轨迹识别系统运行的正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The saturated steam turbine is an important part of the nuclear power equipment of ships, and the rotor is a major working part of the turbine. It has very important significance that monitoring rotor condition form orbit of shaft centerline, which can assure the turbine running unfailingly and reducing the rate of accident.A lot of papers about rotor dynamic balance and orbit of shaft centerline recognition has been read by the author and let as the basis. In this paper, the object of study is the turbine of the nuclear power equipment of ships, based on the study of dynamics specific property of the turbine rotor and common fault and its orbit of shaft centerline character, the system of dynamic balance calculation for turbine rotor and orbit of shaft centerline recognition based on BP network has been designed. In this system the computer is the most important part. The computer can control the real-time data acquisition and has the data of all kinds of parameters processed and analyzed. The system can evaluate the running status of the saturated steam turbine. It also can display and save the processed results. The system can give an alarm to the abnormal status. If the saturated steam turbine has faults the system can diagnose them. Moreover, the system has the complete functions and convenient operations. The system will play an important action in directing the running and maintaining of the saturated steam turbine.A rotor experimental platform had been constructed. It provided an experimental platform for fault analysis and fault diagnosis. The experiment for the system of dynamic balance calculation which designed with the method of influence coefficients had been carriedout, the experimental results indicated that the program can calculate the balance mass and phase, the results also showed the feasibility of method of influence coefficients and correctness of the program. Besides, a series of experiments of unbalance and non-alignment had been carried out, a great deal of data had been acquired, the pattern recognition system for orbit of shaft centerline based on BP network had been trained using these data, the system can on-line recognize the faults of unbalance and non-alignment. The experimental results indicated that the orbit of shaft centerline that the system acquired were consistent with the fault modes. The results showed the feasibility and validity of carrying out fault analysis and fault diagnosis with the orbit of shaft centerline. They also showed the correctness of the running of the recognition system .更多还原