【作者】 曾涛；

【导师】 曾宗永；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 生态学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 锦屏一级水电站是位于我国水能资源“富矿”之一的雅砻江卡拉—江口河段的“龙头”水库梯级电站，具有良好的补偿调节作用。工程会对区域生态系统产生影响，其表现形式是通过对植被、土壤和土地利用格局的影响，影响区域自然生态体系的生态完整性；还会造成部分森林植被的淹没、野生动植物多样性及其生境的丧失、以及大面积水域形成后可能对当地一定区域内的气候产生影响。生态评价的目的就是确定该区域生物多样性与景观生态的分布和特征，并在此基础上预测项目产生的生态影响的类型、程度和范围。 本次研究在野外调查的基础上结合访问与历史资料，得出影响区各生物类群、生态系统和景观生态体系的现状，以作为生物多样性和景观生态评价与影响预测的基础资料。本次研究采用Gleason指数和G-F指数测度影响区的生物多样性。在野外使用全球定位系统获得资料的基础上，再利用地理信息系统统计各拼块的面积、数量等进行景观生态评价。在以往运用生态机理法进行影响预测的基础上，结合地理信息系统和景观生态学的方法对工程可能造成的影响进行了预测。本次研究的主要目的是对生态系统和景观生态学中的重要概念在大型工程的生态影响评价中的应用进行探讨，以期对今后的这类工作提供参考。 研究表明：1)锦屏电站影响区的生物多样性方面，植物的物种多样性远大于动物的物种多样性；灌木的物种多样性大于乔木的物种多样性；而在动物的各类群中，鸟类的物种多样性最高，兽类次之，两爬类最低。2)工程的施工和运行会对影响区的生物多样性产生影响，对植物的影响主要表现在施工和淹没方面；对动物的影响则主要在施工期、蓄水后和水库水位消涨期，其中以对两栖动物的影响最大。3)评价区的自然景观体系有较强的抗干扰稳定性和恢复稳定性，因此从整个工程影响区来看，自然生态系统和景观体系有能力从工程造四川大学硕I:学位论文成的千扰中恢复健康。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Jinping hydroelectric power station, located between from Kala to the outlet of the Yalong River, is designed as the first huge project of the river, which is rich in hydro logical energy. Impacts of the project on vegetation, soil, and patterns of land use will influence the regional ecosystem. Large area of cultivated lands, forests, shrubs, and other natural communities will be submerged when the project is built, which will inevitably result in loss of species diversity of plants and animals and their habitats. Furthermore, climate may be changing because making of large area of water due to building of the dam. The ecological assessment aims at determining the types, range, and intensity of impacts of this project based on characteristics and distribution of biodiversity on this area.By field work, and visiting local inhabitants and referencing the past data, we obtain information on flora, fauna, ecosystems and landscape systems of this area. Both Gleason-index and G-F index of species diversity are used to quantify biodiversity; Data obtained based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to calculate the area and number ofpatches of various categories so as to ecologically evaluate changes of thelandscapes. Prediction of impacts of the project is given by the methods of GIS and landscape ecology. The purpose of this study is to experimentally apply of some important concepts and methods of ecosystem ecology and landscape ecology to ecological assessment of large hydrological projects.The results of our study show that 1) Species diversity of plants is much higher than that of animals.Species diversity of shrubs is higher than that of trees. Among animals, species of birds is the highest, then that of mammals, that of amphibians and reptiles is the lowest. Impacts on plants will occur after the beginning of construction. 2) Impacts on animals, especially amphibians, are during construction and operation of the project. And the influence on amphibians is the biggest. 3) Because of higher resistant and resilient stability of this landscape system, ecosystems may restore gradually from disturbance due to construction.更多还原