【作者】 魏向阳；

【导师】 唐磊；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 法律， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 什么是公证?它对于一个国家的国民经济和法治建设起着什么样的作用?它的渊源、现在的状况和将来的前景又如何呢?尽管有关公证的描述不少，但事实上公证却一直不为人们所熟悉，公证这一行业在我国历来很少成为学界评论的对象，就好像一个实际存在但又较为模糊的公共权力机构。实际上，公证制度(Public Notary)是一个国家司法制度的重要组成部分，公证行业是我国法律环境中一个不可或缺的领域，这种司法活动以法律制度为依托，其行为靠法律适用来支撑，公证的对象当然的依靠法律来保护，公证效力也靠法律保障来实现。这样一个与法治文明有着密切联系的司法制度，在中国的法治史演绎到了21世纪的今天，我却遗憾的发现，纵观我国法律制度各领域发生的变革，甚至某些部门或行业也取得了长足的进展，但是公证制度作为一个完整的法律体系中非常重要的一环却被冷落到了一边，这不能不说是我国司法改革的败笔之一。细心观察就可以发现，我国公证行业的发展是如此的滞后，尤其是公证理论的研究是何等的粗浅，如同法院制度、检察院制度、律师制度、司法行政制度、司法考试制度一样，公证制度的发展水平同样可以反映一个国家法治文明的进步程度，它也是一个国家法学理论研究是否完整的标志之一。在新的世纪到来之即，中国的公证业不得不参与以传统经济为基础和新经济为代表的现代化进程，也不得不面临中国公证员协会加入国际公证组织——国际拉丁公证联盟后所产生的冲击与挑战，因此只有通过认真分析和研究，正确解决好当前中国公证业发展中出现的诸多问题，才能使我国公证制度有效的为国家的开放和发展提供完善的法律服务，才能为构筑我国现代化的国家司法体系做出应有的贡献。本文拟追本溯源，客观认知公证制度的基本概念，合理探讨公证人的社会职业特性，检讨公证职业道德标准，明晰公证人履行职务应承担的责任，既对当前公证业业己存在的部分问题进行评述，也对其他相关问题进行简要的说明，主要从宏观的角度分析公证人及其职业道德和职业责任两个大的领域，而对公证业务方面在本文中不再提及.由于我国的《公证法》尚未出台，将中国的公证体制与大陆法系其他国家的公证制度相比较，需要探讨和研究的领域非常多，这些问题希望能够得到更多法学界人士的关注。本文第二部分着重论述了公证制度和公证员职业的性质，其意义是介绍公证制度，界定公证人的职业性质;第三部分就当前情况下公证与社会公信力的关系进行了评价，同时就如何重塑公证的的公信力进行了论证，在分析目前公证业社会信誉下降原因的同时，提出了建立公证权威的意见;第四、五部分析了公证职业道德和职业责任的有关问题，并对公证责任和成因进行了探讨，同时，期待能合理避免公证员在执业过程中应当承担的责任。总之，本文从我国公证行业发展的自身特点出发，就困扰当前公证业的非业务性问题进行分析论证，在肯定当前公证体制改革成果的同时，希望本文关注的问题的能引起理论界和实业界的重视，尤其是引起管理层的反思，进而努力实现我国公证制度从公证员个体和公证处(公证人事务所)整体两方面共同迈上现代化的台阶.更多还原

【Abstract】 What is Public Notary? What kind of roles does it play in the national economy and the construction of legal system? People may be aware of the existence of Pubic Notary in their life, but they are still lack of the understanding of the concept. Actually, Public Notary system is one of the important and indispensable components of National Legal System and is one of the symbols of the structural integrity of the law system of a nation. Its development reflects the degree of the legality civilization of a nation as well as the court system, procuratorate system, lawyer system, judicial administration system and judicial examination system do. However, the author observes with regret that the public notary system, especially in the field of theory research, has been laid aside and thus lagged behind the development and reform of the other aspects of the justice system in 21 th century.On the other hand, with the establishing of the new economy on the basis of the traditional one, the public notary system is obliged to get involved in this modernization process and face up to the challenges after Notary Association of Chin’s joining the International Notary Organization, the International Latin Public Notary Alliance.Thus, the author urges the careful study and analysis of the solutions to the problems arising in the public notary service, and therefore which can provides perfect public notary service to the opening policy of China and contributes to the modem justice system.Tracing back and sticking to the basic concept of Public Notary Service, this article tries to discuss its professional characteristics and ethics criterion and to clarify the responsibilities assumed by the notary in the process of implementation of their duties. Focusing on professional ethics and responsibilities, the article presents the problems existing in the vocation currently. In part two, the article discusses the concept of Public Notary System and the professional characteristics of notary, the purpose of which is to introduce the principles of the system and try to definite the characters of the profession. In part three of the article, the author appraises the public credit of public notary service, analyses the causes of the declining credit in the business and proposes some practicable corresponding resolutions of rebuilding the public credit of the service. In part four and five, the article discusses the professional ethics, responsibilities and its causes with an expectation of reducing and evading the problems existing in the service.In conclusion, the purpose of this article is to arouse the attention and pondering on the problems the author concerns in the public notary service of both academic and industrial circles, especially the relevant administrative apartments of the government, only by doing so, can it be realized the modernization of the public notary service in our country.更多还原