中等师范化学教学中学生科学素质的培养

【作者】 赵永华；

【导师】 肖小明；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 教育， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要根据小学教育的现状及科学启蒙教育的要求，研究了中等师范学校学生应具备的科学素质结构：科学知识、科学能力、科学方法、科学观念和科学品质等五个方面。在科学知识上应掌握动物学、植物学、人体与生理卫生、化学、物理学、地理学、天体与宇宙等方面的基本概念、基本原理与基础知识与基本技能，了解科技与社会、自然、人类的关系；在科学能力上应培养观察能力、思维能力、实验能力、创新能力等方面的能力；在科学方法上要学生学会科学的观察方法、实验方法、思维方法与假说方法；在科学观念上要逐步形成科学的辩证唯物观、科学审美观、科学精神；在科学品质上要逐步养成科学兴趣、科学态度、科学意志。只有这样，才能适应小学素质教育的发展。 化学是一门以实验为基础的自然科学，是师范教育中的一门主要课程，也是培养师范学生素质的主要课程之一。在化学课堂教学中，教学内容应融入现代科技知识，教学过程要更新教育观念，改进教学方法。在化学实验教学中，应充分发挥化学实验在培养科学素质上的功能。要挖掘化学史实，充分发挥化学史在科学素质培养中的作用。要开展专题讲座、趣味实验、化学小制作、化学竞赛等课外活动，来全面培养学生的科学素质。更多还原

【Abstract】 In view of the present situation of education of primary school and the requirement of illuminative education of science, this paper mainly studies the structure of scientific quatity which the students of middle normal school should possess, and on this condition, further studies the effective approach and method of carrying out the scientific diathesis education in chemistry teaching. In author’s opinion, the scientific diathesis structure of students of middle normal school should include such aspects as scientific knowledge- scientific ability- scientific methods- scientific ideas and scientific character. This is, with regard to scientific knowledge, the students should master the basic concepts- principles- knowledge and skills about zoology- botany- physiology-chemistry- physics- geography and astronomy and understand the relation between science -technology and society- natu-e- human beings; with regard to the scientific ability, the students should cultivate the ability in observing- thinking- experiment- innovating and so on; with regard to the scientific methods, the students should grasp the observational method- experimental method-thinking method and learning method, etc.; with regard to the scientific ideas, the students should form gradually the scientific world outlook of dialectical materialism- scientific ideas about aesthetics and scientific spiri:; with regard to the scientific character, the students should train scientific interest- volition and scientism. No other than this, can the normal students adapt to the development of quality educaton of primary school.As a branch of the natural sciences based on the experiment, chemistry is one of the main curriculums in normal education as well as one of the main courses concerning the training of the quality of the normal students In classroom instruction of chemistry, the knowledge of science and technology should be blended into the contents of instruction. In process of instruction, teacher should innovate the educational ideas and improve the teaching skills. In experimental instruction of chemistry, teacher should completely exert experiment to train the student’s scientific quality. In addition, teacher should introduce historical facts of chemistry and completely exert their function in cultivating scientific quality. Lastly, the reports on a special topic- interesting experiments-chemical little make- compevition in chemistry and other activities after school all are important means to train scientific quality.更多还原