【作者】 万斌；

【导师】 王正中；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 喷灌中急待解决的问题很多，诸如风力影响、喷灌均匀度、雾化程度、喷灌强度、喷头构造等的问题，喷灌工程实践表明：降低喷灌工程投资等问题是节水灌溉工程中的首要问题。喷灌的均匀度不高的问题由来已久，国内外的喷灌技术研究人员为解决该问题一般从“干扰、控制从喷嘴喷出的水舌”(利用挡水板和导流板来实现)与“合理的安排喷头的组合形式”(等腰三角形布置、等边三角形布置、正方形布置、长方形布置)上来。通过这两种方法最终可使喷灌的均匀度达80％以上有不错的效果。但是用这两种方式仅仅能来解决喷灌的均匀度不均的问题，而无法降低喷灌系统一次性投资和使用维护费用。而且在园林绿化、草坪绿化时易产生漏喷及产生喷不到的死角，特别是在城市绿化方面容易喷洒到道路上，影响交通及周围的设施，且观赏性也较差。针对以上问题，研究一种能实现各种形状喷洒域，既适用农业生产又满足观赏园艺和城市绿化的新型喷头就非常必要。这是一项专利技术这种新型喷头是利用在已生产出的喷头成品上加上一个“压力调节器”，即可喷出需要的形状。该专利名称为“喷洒面为多种形状的摇臂式喷头”，专利证号为：992080878见附件3。如果在实际喷灌中采用这种喷头来控制方形喷洒域，那么其不仅有很高的观赏性且喷头的组合形式将更为简单，喷灌系统的喷头总数及管网设置可大大的减少，节省工程投资，促进节水灌溉事业发展。 本论文研究内容如下： 1．对国内和国外的一些中压喷头成品进行分析、研究、测试取得实际的各项参数(喷射仰角、喷嘴直径，工作压力、射程、喷灌均匀度、喷灌强度、雾化程度)以便和安装“压力调节器”后的喷头进行比较 2．设计加工各种形式的“压力调节器”，来实现各种不同形状的喷洒域。 3．测试安装“压力调节器”后的喷头的水力性能参数，即工作压力、流量、射程、水滴的打击强度、喷洒水分布特性等。依据所测得的喷头水力性能参数和射程数据，我们可较清楚的了解“压力调节器”的结构形式、工作压力、喷嘴直径、喷射仰角、风力、旋转速度和喷头射程之间的定量关系。 4．对“新型喷头”进行检测，以获得喷灌中的喷灌均匀度、喷灌强度、雾化程度等技术指标，要求其能满足有关的国家标准。 预期的结果和创新之处： 喷出非圆形的喷洒域是该课题的创新之处，它有很好的观赏价值，能适用各种形状农田、园林和果园的喷灌需要，既不浪费水资源，又不会产生喷灌死角、提高了喷灌均匀度，减少喷灌工程的一次性建设投资。并且该非圆形喷洒面是通过在原喷头成品上加“压力调节器”来实现，和1986年美国的方法相比更为简洁、经济、耐用，有一定的实用价值。通过和原有定型喷头产品的对比试验，证明该喷头在射程、流量和雾化程度上与原技术相近，且在喷灌均匀度上有明显的提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are many urgent unsolved problems in spray irrigation, such as the influence of wind, uniformity of spray irrigation, degree of atomization, intensity of spray irrigation, structure of sprinkler, etc. Especially, how to decrease the engineering investment is the most primary issue. Researchers have always endeavored to improve the uniformity of spray irrigation , which has been a long-existed problems. They often solve the problems with two methods. The first one is disturbing and controlling the spurting water with a movable baffle-plate. The second is the proper arrangement of the sprinklers, (such as isoceles triangle distribution, equilateral triangle distribution, square distribution, and rectangle distribution). By the long period of study, the uniformity can be increased to 80% or more, the result can meet the general requirement for the spray irrigation. But those two methods could only solve the problems of uneven uniformity, and have little contribution to save the total investment. Furthermore, when applying those kinds of sprinkler to the city park and city afforestation, the y show poor effects for there are always blind angles untouched. And they also cumber traffic while the water spurting onto the road. One more shortcoming is its poor quality in entertainment. To settle those issues, this article designs a new style impact drive sprinkler which has noncircular wetted areas. It not only can be used for agricultural purpose but also can meet the demand for gardening and city afforestation. The new style sprinkler can be contrived by adding a "pressure adjuster" to the existed finished sprinkler, then we can get the result of noncircular wetted areas. The government has patented the new style sprinkler to its inventor. The name of the letter patent is "Impact Drive Sprinkler with Different Shapes of Wetted Areas" and the patent right number is 992080878 as shows in the accessory 3. Taking the square wetted areas as an example, If we put this kind of sprinkler into practice, we not only can get higher quality of amusement but also simplify the arrangement of the sprinklers. The total amount of the sprinklers and pipe networks can be decreased remarkably. Then the engineering investment can be reduced a lot, all this can boost the development of water irrigation industry.The following are detail contents of this article:1. analyzing the finished sprinkler products in our country and overseas, testing all sorts of sprinkler parameters(elevation of sprinkler, diameter of the nozzle, working pressure, the range of water, uniformity of spray irrigation, intensity of spray irriga tion, the degree of atomization)so as to compare with the new style sprinkler install with pressure adjuster.2.designing and processing all types of adjusters used to realize different shapes of wetted areas.3.testing all the hydraulic parameters of the sprinkler installed with adjuster such as working pressure, water flux, the range of the sprinkler, intensity of water drop impact, characteristic of water distribution, etc. According to the testing data, we can learn the quantitative relations among the structure of the adjuster, working pressure, diameter of the nozzle, elevation of sprinkler, wind power, velocity of rotation and the range of water.4.subjecting the new style sprinkler to the field experiment in order to get the technical data of uniformity of spray irrigation, intensity of spay irrigation, degree of pulverization and ensure the consistency with the ISO standard.Anticipating results and innovation of the article:Fulfilling the noncircular wetted areas is creative feature of this article. It has lots of merits: adapting to all shapes of plowland, gardening park and orchard, saving water and energy, having no blind angle, improving uniformity of spray irrigation, reducing the initial investment of the spray irrigation engi neering. And the new style sprinkler can be easily designed just by installing an adjuster on the existed finished sprinkler. Comparing with American design in 1更多还原