【作者】 喻永红；

【导师】 周守标；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 植物学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文首先综述了石蒜属植物的研究进展及分类系统学上存在的问题，包括石蒜属种质资源的开发利用、人工栽培和组织培养、生理、形态、染色体、药用和药理、观赏价值以及分子方面的研究。其中，通过形态、染色体、分子方面对石蒜属植物种间分类系统进行了探讨，在石蒜属分类系统方面存在的主要问题有：(1)细胞学与分子系统学上的证据较为一致，而与形态学上的证据存在差异，因此，能否以花冠整齐与否将石蒜属划分为两大亚属值得商榷；(2)石蒜属植物的杂合体较多，这些种的系统位置仍存在分歧；(3)微形态证据探讨石蒜属分类系统方面研究较为缺乏。因此，必须综合形态学、解剖学、细胞学、孢粉学和分子生物学等各方面的性状指标，才能够建立更合理的石蒜属植物分类系统，并绘制出完整的石蒜属分支系统树。本文通过叶表皮的电镜扫描、光镜观察和叶部的石蜡切片对中国石蒜属12种植物叶部微形态特征进行研究，试图为探讨石蒜属植物的系统演化关系提供实验证据和有效性状。研究结果表明：叶表皮的气孔排列方式、长度、长宽比，脊的明显与否，叶表皮上的颗粒纹饰的多少、大小，叶表皮细胞长度、长宽比、垂周壁形状，上部叶栅栏组织细胞层数、叶的维管束数、叶中脉导管组成数目，气腔类型，叶的脊部远轴面的角数，叶缘的形状等这些特征在种间存在差异，同时，在有些种之间又有相似性；因此，这些特征既可以作为区分种的证据，又是研究石蒜属植物系统演化的性状指标，根据这些性状指标，可以将石蒜属植物大致分为两个亚属：一是忽地笑、中国石蒜、短蕊石蒜、安徽石蒜、长筒石蒜，二是江苏石蒜、乳白石蒜、石蒜、玫瑰石蒜、稻草石蒜；在两个亚属中其中有些种如忽地笑、长筒石蒜、中国石蒜的亲缘关系则更近些。换锦花、鹿葱有些性状与一个亚属较近，另一些性状与另一个亚属较近，因此，是过渡类型。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the first, the research development and problems in the taxonomical systematics of Lycoris were summarized in the article, including the research of germplasma resources and exploitations, artificial cultivation, tissue culture, physiology, morphology, pharmacology, decorative values and molecule. The classification system among species of Lycoris was discussed through morphology, chromosome, molecule. The systematical relationship among 12 species of Lycoris has been discussed. The problems in the taxonomical systematics are as follows: (l)The results of cytology are different from that of molecule, but results of karyotype analycis and that of RAPD are same .So it is seem too hard to divide Lycoris two subgenus according to corolla regularity. (2)The views on systematical tree of those species of Lycoris which have fairly more hybrid body are different . (3)The research of Lycoris on the systematical relationship of micro-morphology and anatomy is absent. It is essential to generalize the character indexes of morphology, anatomy, cytology, palynology and molecular physiology. So We can establish classification system of Lycoris and draw a reasonable family tree of Lycoris. Based on the reseaching of Lycoris leaf micro-morphology characters by SEM scanning, light microscope viewing and using paraffin method in the article,we try to provide the proofs of experiment and the efffective characer indexes to discuss the system and evolution of the Lycoris.we find these microscopecharacers through reseach are as follows: the arrangement type ,density and the length of stoma; the shape and length of the epidermal cells; the ridge of epidermis; the transverse shape of leaf; the number of the vascular bundle ; the style of vessel arrangement of vascular bundle in the middle vein ; the layers of palisade tissue ; the ratio of the thicken of palisade tissue to that of spongy tissue ; the angle number of the middle leaf; the type of ventilating cavity etc. These characters are different from those of species in Lycoris, meanwhile these characters are similar to those of some species in Lycoris. So these characters can be used as the character indexes for differentiating species and reseaching systematic evolution of Lycoris; We can divide Lycoris into two subgenus by these characteristic indexes: the species of one subgenus are L. aurea (L’ Her.) Herb,, chinensis Traub, L. caldweUii Traub, L. anhuiensis Y. Hsu et Q. J. Fan, L. longituba Y. Hsu et Q. J. Fan ; the species of another subgenus are L. houdyshelii Traub, L. albiflora Koidz., L. rosea Traub et Moldenke, L. straminea Lindl. Meanwhile, some characters of L. sprengeri Comes ex Baker and L. squamigera Maxim, are close to the genetic relationship among one subgenus and other characters are close to that among the another subgenus . Two species may be transitional taxa.更多还原