【作者】 吴旭；

【导师】 王光瑛；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 为提高肉鸭的饲养效益，本研究通过4组骡鸭杂交组合生产性能的综合测试，拟为筛选最佳配套系提供依据，并采用KAPD技术对4组骡鸭亲本进行遗传变异分析，验证DNA分子标记技术（RAPD）与常规育种方法相结合是切实可行的。 对4个杂交组合的初生重、生长速度、饲料转化率、屠体品质、成活率、蛋白质和氨基酸等6项指标进行综合测试，结果显示：以MF组（番×枫）优于其他组合（P＜0.05），初生重（60.20g）、56日龄体重（2913.25g）、饲料转化率（2.74：1）、屠宰率（♂88.65％、♀90.21％）、瘦肉率（♂27.05％、♀26.70％）、皮脂率（♂23.44％、♀23.44％）、蛋白质含量（腿肌22.0％，胸肌20.9％）、肌肉游离氨基酸含量（腿肌170.57mg／g，胸肌205.36mg／g）。不考虑羽色，四组顺序依次为MF、MA（番×奥）、MY（番×樱）、MB（番×白）；但MF组羽色分离严重，MA组除头部有黑点外，全身白色，屠体美观，深受消费者青睐，所以MA也是生产骡鸭较好的组合。 根据各组骡鸭周龄间体重的相关分析，各组均达到显著相关水平（P＜0.05）。MY组2周龄、MA组3周龄、MF组4周龄、MB组3周龄与8周龄体重均呈强正相关（P＜0.01），相关系数分别为r=0.611；r=0.770；r=0.648和r=0.681。据此，可用2～4周龄体重估测骡鸭后期生长速度，拟为早期选留亲本提供依据。 本试验还采用Logistic、Bertalanffy与Gompertz三种非线性模型拟合骡鸭生长曲线，揭示三种模型都能反映骡鸭的生长发育特点，拟合度均达0.98以上，Gompertz模型的拟合度达到0.99以上，且模型参数（拐点周龄、拐点体重）极符合骡鸭客观生长规律，为此Gompertz模型是骡鸭较佳非线性生长模型。 对各组亲本遗传变异的RAPD分析，应用凝胶成像系统的图象分析软件（BioRAD），按Nei’s相似系数法（1979）进行聚类分析。在D=0.78时可将供试材料分为3类：番鸭（RF系、L10系）、枫叶鸭和其他四种肉鸭（奥白星、白改鸭、花边鸭、樱桃谷鸭）；在D=0.88时，进一步细分了其余四种肉鸭之间的亲缘关系，发现奥白星与白改鸭在遗传上较为相似，亲缘关系较近，与花边鸭次之，与樱桃谷鸭最远。由试验可知，番鸭（♂）和家鸭（♀）生产骡鸭，在生长速度、屠宰率、饲料转化率、抗病力、适应性等方面都显示出有较大的杂种优势。Hillel（1991）曾提出DNA指纹估测群体的遗传相似性可提供预测配合力的一种方法，这与本试验的结果相符。因此，RAPD技术在不同肉鸭品种间进行配合力预测是可行的。 本试验对RAPD分析的重复性和稳定性作了研究和探讨，并建立了肉鸭RAPD的技术体系：25ul反应体积中，含0.2uM随机引物；150uM dNTP；3mM MgCl₂；2.5u110×Buffer；2U Tag酶；25～100ng模板DNA。反应程序为：94℃预变性2min，94℃变性1min，38℃退火1min，72℃延伸2min，42个循环后，72℃延伸10min，最后于4℃保存直至取出。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to promote the waterfowl production,We provide Scientific bases to select the best cross-combination in four groups of mule ducks.and analyzed correlation between molecular marker(RAPD) of the combinations and general breeding.Data of five characters obtained from the cross of five lines in meat duck: Muscovy Duck(M),Fengye Duck(F),Aobaixing Duck(A),Yingtaogu Duck(Y)and Baigai Duck(B), Birth weight(BW) .growth rate(GR),56-day weight(56DW),Feed conversion(FC),Carcass Measurement (56DCM),precentage of survive(PS), Protein and dissociative amino acids were engaged. The MF-Line’ was the best one (P<0. 05): neonatal weight(60.20g),56-day weight(2913.25g), Feed conversion(2. 74:1), rate of slaughter( ♂88.65%, ♀ 90.21%), muscle ratio( ♂ 27.05%, ♀ 26.70%), skin-fat ratio yield( ♂23.44%, ♀23.44), content of protein (crural muscle22.0%, pectoral muscle 20.9%),content of dissociative amino acids (crural muscle♀70.57mg/g , pectoral muscle 205.36mg/g), The order was MF, MA, MY> MB in turn. According to marketable demanding, MA-Line is also a good choice.According to the correlation analysis between week-weight in each line.there were significant positive correlationship between each week in the groups(P<0. 05). The 2-week weight of MY.the 3-week weight of MA, the 4-week weight of MF and the 3-week weight of MB were extremely significant (P<0. 01) correlated to the 8-week weight of each line.The correlation coefficient were 0. 611,0. 770,0. 648 and 0. 681 respectively. So we can confer its upper weight from its weight in 2-4 week and it was in favor of making a early selection.Three Nonlinear Regression Model were used to draw up the growth curve of the mule-duck.The results show that Logistic, Bertalanffy and Gompertz can all be used in describing growth-development(R2>0.98). Gompertz Model is the best one(R2>0.99).The Model parameters (inflexion weight and inflexion week)have biological meaning and they can reflect the rule of development in mule-duck.A cluster analysis was made by using the RAPD data of different meat-duck in the experiment,the result showed that the germplasm resources were divided into 3 subclasses when the value of D was 0.78.The first subclass was muscovy duck(RF line and L10 line),the second was Fengye Duck(F),and the third included Aobaixing Duck(A),Yingtaogu Duck(Y),Baigai Duck(B) and Huabian Duck(H).The third subclass was further divided when the value of D was0.88,indicating that Aobaixing Duck(A) related to Baigai Duck(B)cIosely and then to Huabian Duck(H),and shared larger difference with Yingtaogu Duck(Y).According to this experiment,we know that mule-duck’ heterosis is distinctness. Hillel(1991) pointed out the combining ability can be forecasted from the genetic comparability in colony by DNA finger mark.lt accorded with this experiment.So we could dope out the combining ability between different meat-ducks by DNA finger mark(RAPD).The parameters involved in RAPD analysis were optimized for meat-duck: the total volume of 25μl containing 150μMdNTP,0.2μM random primers,3mMMgcl2,2.5μl 10xuffer ,2 unit Taq enzyme,25-100ng template DNA.The program for the PCR amplification was that first denatured the template DNA at 94 ℃ for 2min and then denatured the DNA at 94℃ for Imin; annealed at 38℃ for lmin,extended at 72℃ for 2min,42cycles,then extended at 72℃ for 10min and keep the reaction at 4℃ until it was taken out.更多还原