【作者】 翟继勇；

【导师】 刘一民；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 山东省普通高校高水平运动队项目布局是指对我省普通高校高水平运动队项目的整体进行规划和安排的结果，是整体的项目布局。构建整体项目布局包括两方面的工作：第一，按项目的重要性分类，规划出重点发展项目、一般发展项和次要发展项目；第二，对运动队数量进行调查分析，得出我省普通高校高水平运动队的合理数量。山东省各所普通高校高水平运动队项目布局是通常意义上的项目布点，指各运动队项目在我省各所普通高校的具体分布。规划项目布点包括三方面的工作：第一，确定试办高水平运动队的高校；第二，确定高水平运动队项目；第三，将高水平运动队项目与试办高校合理搭配。相关部门曾对我省项目布点进行过数次规划与调整。2002年，省教育厅体卫处又重新对其进行了调整。目前，我省项目布点是2002年调整的结果。总起来看，这些规划和调整主要是为新增加的试办高水平运动队的普通高校设立什么运动队项目而进行的，是项目布点规划。本课题的主要目的是构建我省整体的项目布局，为我省项目布点的规划和调整以及运动队的建设提供理论指导和决策依据。 在调查的基础上，对我省普通高校高水平运动员、试办高水平运动队的普通高校和全省普通高校整体这三者的运动成绩(运动成绩包括运动水平和比赛名次两部分)作了具体的分析：指出在试办高水平运动队之后，三者的运动水平普遍得到了提高。比赛名次可通过比赛竞争力来表现，我省试办高水平运动队的普通高校的比赛竞争力要强于未办高水平运动队的普通高校的比赛竞争力；在全国性的比赛中，我省普通高校整体的比赛竞争力却并没有提高，反而有下降的趋势。分析出现上述现象的原因：运动员运动水平的普遍提高，主要是因为高校教练员的质量和数量、场地器材等客现困素起了较大的影响作用．同时，有部分高水平运动员出现运动水平降低现象，这主要是由于训练压力减小等因素造咸的。在我省，高水平运动员运动水平普遍提高了，试办高水平运动队的普通高校运动水平和我省普通高校整体运动水平也因之提高。试办高水平运动队的普通高校由于在人、财、物等方面相对于其它普通高校而处于较强的优势地位，所以若在同一组内比赛能取得较大的优势。在全国，试办高水平运动队的普通高校已经很多，使我省的试办优势得不到体现，甚至暴露出了我省试办中存在的缺点和不足，导致我省普通高校在全国大运会比赛中，整体比赛竟争实力“不升反降”的现象． 经过调查与分析，认为我省试办高水平运动队的普通高校学校体育活动开展比较理想。这主要与大学生在校期间，相对于中学时期学习压力减小、余暇时间增多等因素有关。从另一方面讲，普通大学生通过了解高水平运动队、与高水平运动员交朋友，建立互帮互助的关系、与高水平运动负一起参加比赛等方式培养对体育的兴趣，从而喜欢体育，经常参加体育活动，最终促进学校体育的开展。但从调查结果来看，高水平运动队在这方面的功能没有克分发挥出来，还需要教练员和辅导页等相关人员的进一步努力。 在调查的基础上，经过对调查问卷的统计分析与逻辑归纳，认为：项目布局对我省试办高水平运动队的普通高校无论是在运动成绩方面，还是在学校体育活动的开展方面都有重要的影响作用。 构建我省普通高校高水平运动队合理的项目布局。先采用特尔菲法，经过三轮专家调查与分析。得出影响我省普通高校高水平运动队项目布局的困素为：．各运动队项目的传统及地理自然条件状况、各项目的教练员人数、各项目的运动员人数、各项目的场地器材状况、各项目参力。竞赛所得到的成绩（主要是比赛名次）、各项目的传统学校数量和各项目的体育科研情况七个方面。然后采用层次分析法，将目标层定为“山东省普通高校高水平运动队合理的项目布局＼准则层为“影响山东省普通高校高水平运动队项目发展的因素”；项目层为“山东省 2普通高校设置的10个高水平运动队项目”。由专家对影响山东省普通高校高水平运动队项目的七个要素按重要程度进行排序打分，并根据分数的结果，由专家帮助构建准则层的判断矩阵，然后由判断矩阵求出准则层各要素对目标层的相对权重．项目层各要素的情况根据我省教育厅的档案资料或问卷调查所得到的资料给出，再由专家根据各要素的情况构建系列判断矩阵，然后由判断矩阵求出准则层下项目层各要素的相对权重，并根据两个相对权重的结果计算出项目层各要素对目标层的组合权重．根据组合权重的结果，得到我省普通高校高水平运动队合理的项目布局：重点发展项目为篮球、田径、排球和足球，一般发展项目为健美操、武术和乒乓球，次要发展项目为游泳、手球和网球；经过专家调查与分析，得出我省普通高校高水平运动队的合理数量：集体项目，篮球卜一10支，排球6—一10支，足球卜一5支，手球卜一5支，个人参赛项民 除了田径以外，应控制在10支以内。对如何进一步完善我省普通高校高水平运动队项目布局作讨论。 在我省普通高校更多还原

【Abstract】 The distribution of high level sport team item of ordinary colleges and universities of Shan Dong Province refers to the result of the programme and the arrangement to the high level sport item team of ordinary colleges and universities in our province, it refers to the distribution of the whole item. The distribution of high level sport team item of each ordinary college and university in Shan Dong Province refers to the distribution of items in general sense, refers to the concrete distribution of different sport team items of the different ordinary colleges and universities in our province. Referent departments once programmed and reformed it for several times. In 2002 the Sport and Health Department of the Province Education Office adjusted the item distribution of experimental high level sport team of ordinary colleges and universities in our province is the result of the adjustment of 2002. General speaking, all these adjustments mainly aim at the newly added experimental high level sport team of what kind of sport team item the ordinary colleges and universities want to set up. They didn’t give enough emphasis on the construction of the item distribution of high level sport team of ordinary colleges and universities in our province. The main aim of this subject is to constitute the reasonable item distribution of high level sport team of ordinary colleges and universities in our province and to program and adjust the item distribution of high level sport team of different ordinary colleges and universities in our province and to provide the theoretical direction and the basis of policy for sport teams construction.On the basis of investigation, we have made a concrete analysis about the sport score of high level athletes of ordinary colleges and universities, the ordinary colleges and universities with experimental high level sport team and the whole provincial ordinary colleges and universities (the sport score includes sport level and the place in a competition). It mentioned that after we tried to set up high level sport team, each of their sport level had improved generally. The place in a competition can be shown in the power of competition. The ordinary colleges and universities which tried to set up the high level sport team have stronger power of competition than those didn’t. But in national competitions, our provincial ordinary colleges and universities power of competition hadn’t been improved, on the contrary it tended to backward. The reason why the athletes sport level generally improved is mainly that the quality and quantity of coaches of ordinary colleges and universities, the playground and the equipments, all these objective factors played an important role. At the same time, some high level athletes sport level had reduced. This phenomenon is mainly because of the reduce of the training pressure. In our province, the sport level of high level athletes has improved generally, as follows, the sport level of experimental high level sport team of ordinary colleges and universities and the whole sport level of our provincial ordinary colleges and universities improved too. Because the ordinary colleges and universities with experimental high level sport team have superiority in the aspects of staff money and materials to others, they can get great advantage in the same group for match. In the whole country, so many ordinary colleges and universities with experimental advantages cant be reflected, they even exploded the shortcomings in our provincial experiments, which resulted in the phenomenon of not rising but reducing of the whole competition power in national competitions.Through investigation and analysis, belived that the development ofsport activities of our provincial ordinary colleges and universities with high level sport team is relatively ideal. It’s mainly because of the factors that students have less study pressure and more spare time in universities than they are in middle schools. On the other hand, the ordinary university students changed their attitud更多还原