【作者】 王磊；

【导师】 张大均；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究的目的在于探讨青少年异性交往心理问题的特点和成因及教育对策。在文献分析和半开半闭式问卷调查基础上，提出了青少年异性交往心理问题和影响因素结构维度的理论构想，并据此编制了最初问卷；通过小样本测试，确立了初始问卷；在对374名中学生进行初测的基础上最终确立了青少年异性交往心理问题问卷和青少年异性交往心理问题影响因素问卷的正式问卷。用自编的问卷对925名中学生进行测量，比较系统地考察了青少年异性交往心理问题的特点和影响因素，并以实证研究为基础提出了相应的教育对策。 本研究获得了如下结论： 1．自编的青少年异性交往心理问题问卷具有良好的信效度；自编的青少年异性交往心理问题影响因素问卷系统有效。 2．青少年异性交往心理问题可以分为四大类型：退缩性人格、交往失调、偏执、过度防卫。其中，退缩性人格包括过分害羞、抑郁、自卑、退缩、冷漠；交往失调包括内部动机不当、择友标准失调、方式不当，过分关注、外部动机不当、规范失调；偏执包括敌意、功能失调；过度防卫包括多疑、攻击、嫉妒。 3．青少年异性交往心理问题的影响因素包括个体特征、家庭特征、同学关系、社会环境四个方面。个体特征包括客观因素、主观因素；家庭特征包括客观因素、心理因素；同学关系包括竞争度、合作度、友谊状况；社会环境包括交往氛围、社会舆论。 4．青少年异性交往心理问题的总体特征按照各维度的得分高低为：退缩性人格>交往失调>过度防卫>偏执。按照各因素的得分高低为：规范失调>抑郁>过分害羞>多疑>退缩>择友标准失调>自卑>过分关注>冷漠>方式不当>敌意>嫉妒>内部动机不当>功能失调>攻击>外部动机不当。 青少年异性交往心理问段及教育对策研究 5．青少年异性交往心理问题在总体状况、退缩性人格维度（及其内部所有因素）和交往失调维度上，男生得分显著高于女生。 6．青少年异性交往心理问题在总体状况及交往失调维度上存在一个低谷期一一初一门、门岁）和一个高峰期——初二（14岁）。初二或14岁是青少年异性交往心理问题的转折期或关键期。 7．青少年异性交往心理问题在整体得分及四个分问卷得分上都有显著的学校类型差异，表现为职业中学＞普通中学＞重点中学。 8．青少年异性交往心理问题的总体状况在城乡差异上不显著。“功能失调”因素表现为农村学校＞城市学校，“规范失调”因素表现为城市学校＞农村学校。 9．个体特征、家庭特征、同学关系、社会环境四个维度的影响因素对青少年异性交往心理问题总体状况的影响有吕条显著路径。其中同学关系、社会环境、家庭特征对青少年异性交往心理问题产生直接影响；个体特征、社会环境分别通过同学关系，社会环境通过家庭特征，同学关系、家庭特征分别通过社会环境对青少年异性交往心理问题产生间接影响。 10．教师对学生异性交往的态度、交往效能感、家庭教养方式、交往愿望、与异性合作度、学校异性交往氛围、父母对其异世交往的态度、网络、与母亲关系、社会大众对其异性交往的态度、外貌、学习成绩等12个因素能够预测青少年异性交往心理问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of this study is to inquire into the characteristics, influence factors and education countermeasures of the mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company. Based on the literature analyze and the half open-ended and half close-ended inventory survey, we brout up the theoretical construction of the mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company and influence factors, made out the primary questionnaires. We defined the initial scales after small stylebook test, and then we defined the formal questionnaires based on the investigation of 374 middle school students. We inspected the situation of the mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company and influence factors on the investigation of 925 middle school students, and put forward the education countermeasures.The results of this study are as follows:1. The mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company questionnaire has good reliability and validity. The influence factors scale of adolescent opposite sex company mental problem questionnaire is systematic and valid.2. The mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company can be divided into four types: cower personality , company misguiding, crankiness, and over defence. Cower personality includes over shy, gloomy, self-contempt, cower, and indifferent. Company includes incorrect inside motives, the misguiding on choosing friends, incorrect behavior ways, over concentrating on the opposite sex, incorrect outside motives, and standard misguiding. Crankiness includes hostility and function misguiding. Over defence includes suspicious, assaulting, and envy.3. The influence factors of adolescent opposite sex company mental problem include four aspects: individual characteristic, family characteristic, the relation between classmates, and social surroundings. Individual characteristic includes objective factors and subjective factors. Family characteristic includes objective factors and mental factors. Classmate relation includes the degree of compete and cooperation and friendshipcondition. Social surroundings include company atmosphere and social public opinion.4. The total characteristic of the mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company is : According to the goal of each dimensions, cower personality >company misguiding> over defence > crankiness. According to the goal of each factors, standard misguiding>gloomy>over shy> suspicious> cower > the misguiding on choosing friends> self-contempt> over concentrating on the opposite sex > indifferent> incorrect behavior ways>hostility> envy>incorrect inside motives> function misguiding>assaulting> incorrect outside motives.5. The goal of the total situation, cower personality, and company misguiding that boy students got is significantly higher than girl students.6. There are a low period梘rade 7 or age 12, 13 and a high period梘rade 8 or age 14 both in the total situation and in the company misguiding of the mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company. Grade 8 or age 14 is the key period of the mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company.7. The school type effect in total situation and four dimensions is statistically significant. That is: occupational middle school>key middle school>ordinary middle school.8. City middle school and village middle school is not significantly different in the total situation of the mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company. But in function misguiding, the goal that village middle school got is higher than city middle school; in standard misguiding, the goal that city middle school got is high than village middle school.9. There are eight significant ways influent the mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company. Classmate relation, social surroundings and family characteristic influent the mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company directly. Individual characteristic and social surroundings influent the mental problem of adolescent opposite sex company by classmate relation. Social surroundings influents更多还原