【作者】 王金利；

【导师】 贺伟； 秦国夫；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria Ces．et de Not．)真菌是一类世界广泛分布的病原真菌，可引起溃疡、枝枯、果腐、流胶等病害，严重时导致树木死亡。开展葡萄座腔菌属及其相关属系统学的研究，不仅能确定病原菌的系统发育关系，澄清以往研究中的一些混乱问题，而且对于病害流行学研究以及病害控制都有着直接或间接的参考价值。本论文着重解决以下问题：弄清引起我国树木溃疡、苹果轮纹等病害的病原种类及分类学地位；分析本属及相关属部分真菌的系统学关系和地位。 本论文对所采集的不同寄主和不同地理区域的标本以及PDA培养出的子实体进行显微结构观察，对病原进行分类和鉴定；利用ITS测序和ISSR技术对比我国的菌株和国外的菌株，对本属及相关的无性型属进行系统学研究。本论文主要得出以下结论：经形态鉴定和分子实验验证，我们所分析的引起我国树木溃疡等病害的病原菌均为葡萄座腔菌(B. dothidea)；B. dothidea的无性型是七叶树壳梭孢(Fusicoccum aesculi)，而不是长期以来所认为的聚生小穴壳菌(Dothiorella gregaria)；国内的B. dothidea菌株与国外的B. ribis菌株的系统发育分析表明二者亲缘关系较远，应该为两个不同的种，而不是同物异名；在方法学上，用单孢菌株和病斑来源的菌株DNA进行ITS测序，所得到的DNA序列完全一致，所以在ITS测序时，不必用分离的单孢菌株。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fungi of Botryosphaeria are a kind of worldwide pathogenic fungi that causecanker, twig blight, fruit rots and gummosis, even result in death, on various forest trees. To research the phytogeny on the Botryosphaeria and related taxa, not only can it confirm the phylogenic relation and clarify some confusion on taxonomy before, but also it will offer valuable information, directly or indirectly, for disease epidemiology research and control the disease. The purpose of this paper is to make clear the category and taxonomic position of pathogens that cause canker and fruit rot on various tree species and analyze the phylogenic relation of Botryosphaeria and its related taxa.In this paper, the microstructure of fruit body from PDA culture and the symptomatic materials collected from different host and different geographic regions in China were used to identify the pathogens. The ITS and ISSR technique were applied to analyze the phytogeny of this genus and related anamorphic genera by comparing the Chinese isolates to foreign isolates. The results obtained in this experiment as follows: all specimen or isolates that cause diseases such as canker on trees in China are B. dothidea through morphology observation and molecular experiment. The anamorph of B. dothidea is Fusicoccum aesculi, but not Dothiorella gregaria, which have been regarded as the anamorph of B. dothidea for a long time in China. The phylogenic analysis of B. dothidea from China and B. ribis from other countries indicates that they should be two different species, but not synonymy because they are not closely related. The nucleotide sequences of ITS derived from isolates both generated from single conidia and isolated from canker are completely same, so it is unnecessary to use the isolates generated from single conidia in the experiment of ITS sequencing.更多还原