反胶束法合成聚苯胺—无机物复合纳米粒子

【作者】 隋晓萌；

【导师】 褚莹；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 由于纳米材料有许多与传统材料不同的物理、化学性质，并在电子、光学、机械、生物、医药、催化等领域显示出极大的应用价值，因而近二十年来受到了科学家们的广泛关注。特别是聚合物-无机复合纳米材料，由于有机-无机纳米复合材料同时具有有机聚合物的韧性、导电性、光电化学等方面的特性和无机物抗冲击、耐热、耐腐蚀的特性，是纳米科技领域内一项具有基础研究价值和广泛应用前景的重要课题。 本文采用三种不同的表面活性剂即阴离子型表面活性剂非离子型表面活性剂AOT(2-乙基己基琥珀酸钠)、Triton-X100或OP(聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚)和阳离子型表面活性剂CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)分别构建反胶束体系作为微反应器合成含有不同无机物内核(硫酸钡和氯化银)的聚苯胺-无机物复合纳米粒子，并在OP、AOT体系和CTAB体系中分别合成了具有一定微观结构的聚苯胺-二氧化钛复合纳米粒子，初步探讨了在反胶束水池中合成具有微观结构的纳米粒子的机理。 在AOT体系中合成聚苯胺-硫酸钡复合纳米粒子时，分别考察了搅拌因素和不同合成步骤对聚苯胺-硫酸钡尺寸及形态的影响，结果表明若想制备分布均匀，尺寸较小并且呈球形的复合纳米粒子应采用一步合成并在反应进行过程中伴随搅拌。 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)、热失重分析(TGA)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和四探针电导率仪等测试手段对产物的形态、结构、结晶性、热稳定性和导电性等性质进行了一系列的表征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanomaterials have been the focus of chemists and physicists due to their unusual application potentials in electronics, optics, mechanics, biology, medicine, catalysis, etc., among which polymer/inorganic nano-compsites are particularly challenging. The flexibilities and improved processability of polymers combined with inorganic components have particularly attractive modulus, transparency, surface hardness and heat resistance. Therefore, polymer/inorganic nanocomposite materials have been the focus of recent studies.In this article, we aim to highlight the essential details of the method to synthesize PANI/inorganic nanocomposites. Anionic surfactant [sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)], nonionic surfactant (Triton-X100 or OP), and cationic surfactant [cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB)] were used to form microreactors of the PANI/ inorganic nanocomposites. Triangle and sea urchin shaped polyaniline/TiO2 nanocomposites in AOT, OP, and CTAB system were observed respectively, and we proposed a hypothesis for the mechanism of nanoparticles’ formation in reverse micelle.Synthesis conditions such as stirring and experimental procedure were changed when PANI/BaSO4 was synthesized in AOT system. Then we draw a conclusion that we should stir the reactant and take the one step procedure to get monodisperse and spheroidal nanoparticles. It was also found that reverse micelle provide suitable spaces for the synthesis of nanocomposites with unique structure and morphologies.These polyaniline-inorganic nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectra (IR), Ultra Violet-visible spectra (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and electrical conductivities were measured by four-probe method.更多还原