【作者】 高召宁；

【导师】 石平五；

【作者基本信息】 西安科技学院 ， 采矿工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对急斜特厚煤层水平分段放顶煤开采中煤岩移动规律、采动损害特点与传递途径、围岩控制方面进行了系统的研究，在实验、理论分析、数值模拟及工程实际方面取得了有创建性的研究成果。 首先利用相似模拟实验研究了急斜特厚煤层顶煤的冒落特征、顶板的破坏规律，以及地表下沉的特点。 运用损伤统计力学理论给出了顶煤冒落高度的一般公式，分析了顶煤冒落的影响因素，结合乌鲁木齐矿区建议小红沟煤矿确定水平分段高度时应该考虑的因素。 应用弹性狭长薄板理论，分析了采空区在充填和未充填两种条件下，顶板的变形破坏规律，影响因素。指出急斜特厚煤层放顶煤开采顶板破断不同于缓倾斜煤层顶板破坏规律，破坏首先在顶板裸露面中部开始，沿工作面推进方向发展。 数值模拟分析了不同水平分段高度开采时，顶板围岩位移应力变化情况；未留设边界煤柱时位移变化趋势；采用充填法开采，顶板位移应力变化规律。 理论上分析了煤岩耦合破坏机理，指出急斜特厚煤层开采，大体积的采空区潜伏着大范围围岩灾变。提出了煤岩破坏发展的不同分区、塌陷坑附近的边坡稳定机理、急斜特厚煤层开采地表串珠状环形塌陷坑理论，以及自重充填采空区以控制开采来控制地表损害的科学途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, comprehensive researches are carried on the law of coal and rock movement of horizontal section top caving in steep seam, damage characters and surrounding rock control . Creative results were educed in experiment, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and engineering practice.First, based on similar material model test, top coal cave-in characters in steep and thick seam were studied as well as failure law of main roof and features of surface subsiding.Applying damage statistical mechanics theory, general formulas to determine cave-in height of top coal are given, and factors affecting top coal caving are analyzed .With the help of classical sheet theory in elasticity mechanics, deformation and failure law of main roof is analyzed when the gob area is packed and not packed. It is pointed out that the law of main roof beak in top caving in steep and thick seam initially occur at the middle of exposed main roof surface and expand along the face advancing direction which is different from it in gently inclined coal seam.According to numerical simulation, displacement and stress changes in different horizontal section height are presented. The distance changing trends without marginal coal pillar were induced an well. The law of distance and stress change of main roof is also described while applying filling method mining.The coupling failure mechanics of coal and rock mass are analyzed in theory, It is revealed that there exists large scale surrounding rock mass catastrophe in large volume gob areas when mining in steep and thick seam. Thus a scientific method to control surface damages is brought out based on different section in damage evolution of coal and rock, slop stability mechanics around sink pit caving in steep and thick seam and filling gob area with self-weight.更多还原