【作者】 刘畅；

【导师】 刘人杰；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，国际上为船舶自动识别系统的实现提出了两种工作方式：甚高频(VHF)／数字选择呼叫(DSC)方式和广播方式。本文主要研究应用前景更为广泛的采用基于自组织时分多址(SOTDMA)技术的广播式船舶自动识别系统。采用广播方式的船舶自动识别系统的实施最关键的问题就是自组织时分多址(SOTDMA)技术的实现。自组织时分多址技术(SOTDMA)是90年代在时分多址技术(TDMA)基础之上发展起来的一种新型网络通信技术，能够自动解决船舶自动识别系统的通信冲突问题。 本文首先简要介绍了船载自动识别系统的发展概况及其系统结构和功能；对AIS传输的航行信息进行了讨论，分析了系统最大传播距离和岸台天线最大高度的计算方法；在此基础之上，分析了自组织时分多址(SOTDMA)原理，建立基于SOTDMA技术的通信网络模型，并定义了相关参数，进行理论分析和仿真试验测试，得出船舶自动识别系统(AIS)采用SOTDMA技术进行通信的信道特性；对船载自动识别系统信息传输的格式及内容进行了初步探讨分析；最后对船舶自动识别系统(AIS)在航海领域的应用前景进行展望。 本文通过理论分析与实验仿真，得出以下结论： (1) 基于SOTDMA技术的广播式AIS具有抗干扰性强、传输速率高、系统容量大、信息更新时间短等优点，适合于海上移动通信环境对船舶通信性能的要求，为将来的海上航行安全以及VTS对水域内船舶交通的管理带来方便； (2) 对AIS传输的航行信息格式及其内容、系统的同步、传播时延和保护时间等问题进行研究讨论，并分析由传播时延保护时间限定的系统最大传播距离和岸台天线最大高度的计算方法，这些方法可在构建AIS船——岸系统的方案确定和工程设计中应用。 (3) 通过仿真实验对SOTDMA协议中“自组织”进行时隙分配的演示，以及仿真系统后台运行的结果表明，AIS中采用SOTDMA通信协议进行通信，在船舶容量没有过载的情况下，信道阻塞率较低，发信成功率较高，具有良好的通信系统性能；即使在船舶容量过载的情况，系统仍然能够满足通信系统的最低要求。 （4）根据仿真实验的结果，本文提出了在船舶交通密度较大的 VTS水域，VTS中心对管辖区域的AIS船舶进行管理应采取的措施，对将来的海上航行管理以及船舶之间的避碰起到重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIS can work by either of the two modes that are VHF/DSC and broadcasting. This paper primarily researches the broadcasting AIS, which will be better applied in the future. And the key technique of broadcasting AIS is SOTDMA (Self-Organized Time Division Multiple Access). SOTDMA technique, which was put forward in 1990s, is a new communication technique based on TDMA technique. It can automatically resolve the collision of communication in AIS.This paper first introduces the development of AIS and its configuration and function in brief, discussing the information and the calculation of the maximize range of transmission and the maximize height of the antenna, on the basis of which it analysis the theory of SOTDMA and establish the communication network model based on SOTDMA. It defines the relational parameters and analyses in theory and makes simulation to verify the theory. In this way it obtains the channel characteristic of AIS adopted SOTDMA. It continues with the analysis of the transmission format of AIS information, and finally it expects the future applications in navigational field.By the analysis of theory and the simulation with computer this paper summarizes several conclusions as followed:(1) The broadcasting AIS based on SOTDMA has such virtues as strong ability of anti-jamming, high speed of transmission, large capability and short time of information updating. It fits the requirement of the marine mobile communication environment for the communication characteristic of ship. And AIS will bring the convenience for the safety on the sea and the traffic management of VTS in the future.(2) By Discussing the information format and its contents, the synchronization of system, the transmission delay, and the protect time, it is concluded the calculation of the maximize range of transmission and the maximize height of the antenna limited by the protect time of transmission delay, which can be applied in the construction of AIS ship梥hore system.(3) By the demo of the allocation of the slots with "self-organized" in SOTDMA protocol and the result of the execution of the simulation program, the conclusion is produced as: the communication of AIS adopted SOTDMA protocol has a lower block rate and a higher success rate of sending. It has good performance of communication system if the system is not over-loading. Even over-loading, theinsystem will still meet with the lowest request of communication system. (4) According to the result of the simulation this paper brings forward several ways to manage the AIS ships in order to resolve the problem in the port of high traffic density, which plays an important role in marine traffic management and collision avoiding in the future.更多还原