【作者】 贾奋励；

【导师】 游雄；

【作者基本信息】 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 随着技术与观念的更新，地图在社会各界中的作用日益凸现，并由此产生了对电子地图的大量需求。这种需求一方面推动了地图学的发展，另一方面也提出了挑战：地图学界必须制作出符合用户需求的地图。电子地图的多尺度表达正是在这种呼声中应运而生的新的研究课题。本文在参阅和分析国内外有关文献和资料的基础上，从理论和实践角度对电子地图的多尺度表达进行了一些研究。主要内容如下： 1)从理论角度探讨了电子地图多尺度表达的表现形式和含义，提出电子地图的多尺度表达是以视觉感受为主线、以计算机操作为辅助手段的地图表达方式，并提出解决电子地图多尺度表达的基本方法是简化。 2)分析了要素的多尺度表达与数据源的比例尺、计算机屏幕分辨率间的关系，提出设置级数与数据源的比例尺、屏幕分辨率间关系的数学表达式。在点状要素和面状要素多尺度表达方面提出用动态化简Voronoi图的方法实现点状和面状要素的多尺度设置；在线状要素的多尺度表达方面提出实现模型并给出实践经验值。以居民地和地貌要素为例给出不同维度要素的综合实现模型和基本算法。在对居民地进行的多尺度表达中提出了二级邻近点判别法，以实现要素的地理位置与属性的结合。在地貌要素的多尺度表达中提出设置一致性问题，并讨论了解决办法。实践证明，本文所采用的方法具有一定的实用性，效果良好。 3)探讨了多比例尺海量数据的多尺度表达问题，研究了多比例尺海量数据多尺度表达的数据结构和算法。用四叉树数据结构实现了电子地图的无边界漫游和多比例尺地图的自动切换，并通过实验验证了本文方法的可行性。 4)采用心理物理学实验的方法探讨了电子地图的颜色设计方案和多尺度表达的效果验证，从图面面积载负量的角度总结了电子地图表达的规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the updates of technology and the development of map’s conception, map has had great effects in many fields, such as city planning, geology exploration etc. So more electronic maps are needed. On the one hand, these demands promote the progress of cartography; on the other hand, these take a great challenge: we must make the maps that are satisfied by users. The research on the theories and methods of electronic map’s multi-scale representation is brought forward as a new study project to rise to the challenge. The author discusses the electronic map’s multi-scale representation theoretically and practically, after analyzing and studying the interrelated research results in this paper. The main content are abstracted as follows:1) The mode and meaning of the electronic map’s multi-scale representation are discussed, and the author put forward that the multi-scale representation of electronic map is a form of map representation which is mainly based on the visual perceive, and taken the computer operator as assistant means. Then the author narrates that the basic means of the electronic map’s multi-scale representation is simplification.2) The relationship between electronic map’s multi-scale representation, the scale of data, and the resolution of computer screen is analyzed, then a formulation of these elements mentioned above is given. The author put forward that the method that simplifies the Voronoi diagram dynamically could be used to the point and area elements multi-scale representation. Take habitation and relief as instances, this paper presents the general model and basic algorithm of elements with different dimensions. For the habitation multi-scale representation, this paper put forward the second level neighbouring points discriminance to solve the combine with geographic locations and attributions. And for the relief multi-scale representation, this paper put forward the consistency problem of setting, then gives the resolve methods.3) Discuss the multi-scale representation of multiple scale data set with huge capacity, analyze the data structure and algorithm of representation of multiple scale data set with huge capacity, use the quad-tree structure realizing the no-boundary ramble and different scale data auto switch.4) Adopt the method of psychology-physics experimentation to discuss the color scheme of electronic map and verify the effect of the electronic map’s multi-scale representation. Finally, sum up the rules of electronic map’s representation from map area load.更多还原