失量地图数据质量控制的理论与实践

【作者】 吴芳华；

【导师】 王家耀；

【作者基本信息】 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 空间数据的精度分析和质量控制是地理信息科学研究的主要内容之一。矢量地图数据是空间数据的重要表现形式，其质量的好坏直接影响到所有基于该地图数据的应用系统分析、决策的正确性和可靠性，影响到系统的成败。因此如何进行地图数据质量控制就成为军事测绘数字信息工程中一个十分重要的问题。本文在分析地图数据质量标准、数据模型特点、要素编码、各种规范、细则的基础上，研究和探讨了矢量地图数据质量检查、评价和控制的技术、手段和方法，从理论到实践进行了较为全面系统的研究和探讨。主要内容包括： (1)对军事测绘数字信息工程中所用的各种作业规范、标准进行了分析、理解，在对规范标准进行量化的基础上，提出了矢量地图数据质量的评价模型。 (2)在概述地图数据误差产生原因、误差含义的基础上，研究了扫描数字化目标的位置误差，对这些误差的性质、度量指标、分布规律进行了分布拟合检验，最后提出对地图数据进行平差的几种方法。 (3)采用基于视觉变量、可视化技术解决了地图属性数据的符号化检查和表示；用属性模板技术，对属性的值域、逻辑一致性、完整性进行自动检查；用户可根据检查结果对属性精度进行评价、改进和优化。 可打印输出检查结果图和符合图式规范要求的成果图。 (4)设计出一种方便、实用的拓扑关系，地名指针的可视化检查方法，对错误的拓扑信息可修改并进行拓扑重组。 (5)设计了自动拼接和人机交互接边相结合的方法解决图幅间的接边误差。对所有查出的错误，系统提供了较丰富的编辑修改工具。 (6)结合军事测绘数字信息工程建立系列比例尺地形图数据库的需要，设计并实现了原型系统——MapCheck软件，对MapCheck的结构、功能、实现方法进行了详细的论述。 文章的最后给出了完善地图数据质量检查和控制软件系统的几点想法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The precision analysis and quality control of spatial data is one of the main contents of the research on geographic information science. The vector map data is an important presentation of spatial data, its quality influences directly the analysis of all the applied system based on the map data, the correctness and the reliability of the decision and the success of the system. Therefore how to perform the map data quality control becomes a very important problem in the digital information engineering of military surveying and mapping. Based on the analyses of the map data quality standards, data model characteristics, feature coding, various specifications and rules, the paper researches and discusses thoroughly the technology and method for vector map data quality check, evaluation and control both in theory and in practice. The main contents are as the following:(1) Analyzing various operation specifications and standards for the digital information engineering of military surveying and mapping; and proposing the evaluation model for vector map data quality based on the quantification of the specifications and standards.(2) Researching the position error of the scanning digital objective and checking the distribution fitting of the attributes, measurement index and distribution regularity of the errors based on the description of the causes and meanings of the map data error; and putting forward several methods for the adjustment of the map data.(3) Resolving the symbolization check and presentation of the map attribute data based on the visual variants and visualization technology; automatically checking the range of the value of the attributes and logic consistency and integrity based on the attribute template technology. The users can evaluate, improve and optimize the precision of the attributes according to the checking results and print the map of the checking results as well as the resulting map consistent with the specification requirements.(4) Designing a convenient and practical visulization method for checking topologic relation and geographic name; modifying and reorganizing topologically the wrongly topologic information.(5) Designing the method combining automatic seaming with interactive seaming to remove the seaming error between the map sheets; providing many editing tools for all the errors having been found.(6) Designing and realizing the prototype-MapCheck software by combing with the need for the digital information engineering of military surveying and mapping to establish series-scale map database; describing in detail the structure, function and the realization method of MapCheck.更多还原