【作者】 席兴军；

【导师】 韩鲁佳；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农产品加工及贮藏工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文针对我国青贮添加剂的研究现状，研究了发酵促进剂(乳酸菌、纤维素酶)和发酵抑制剂(盐酸、己酸)二类青贮添加剂对玉米秸秆青贮饲料质量的影响。课题首先根据查阅的大量文献资料，确定要研究的添加剂种类和添加剂量，然后在玉米秸秆原料中添加所选的添加剂，在适宜的青贮条件下进行青贮饲料的调制试验，将经过一定发酵时间的青贮饲料开封后，通过测定玉米秸秆青贮饲料的干物率、pH值、有机酸含量及组成、干物质消失率、NDF瘤胃降解率、干物质回收率、青贮化学成分、氨态氮占总氮的比例等指标，这些测定分析结果用来确定不同添加剂对玉米秸秆青贮饲料质量的影响。 试验结果表明：在玉米秸秆青贮中添加盐酸，降低了玉米秸秆青贮饲料的乳酸占总酸比例、干物质回收率，并使得青贮饲料的细胞壁物质含量明显增加，明显降低玉米秸青贮料的质量。己酸的处理对青贮料pH值、干物质消失率、NDF瘤胃降解率、干物质回收率、有机酸含量和组成、NDF、ADF、ADL、OCW、OB的含量均无显著影响(P＞0.05)，但可以抑制青贮料中霉菌的生长，并能明显改善青贮料的色泽、气味和质地。盐酸和已酸的共同处理除了明显改善青贮料的色泽、气味和质地外，还可明显降低青贮料的pH值和OB、ADF、ADL的含量(P＞0.05)，明显提高了青贮质量。它对玉米秸秆青贮饲料的有机酸含量及组成、干物质消失率、NDF瘤胃降解率、干物质回收率、NDF及OCW的含量均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。 添加纤维素酶可以使玉米秸秆青贮饲料中的氨态氮与总氮比值降低28％，丁酸占总酸的比例降低100％，ADF含量下降20％，显著提高了玉米秸青贮饲料的营养价值。纤维素酶对玉米秸秆青贮饲料的干物质消失率、NDF瘤胃降解率、干物质回收率、NDF、乳酸及粗蛋白含量均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。乳酸菌的添加虽然使得青贮料的色泽、气味和质地明显改善，但也使得NDF、ADF含量明显提高，乳酸的含量明显降低、VBN/TN明显上升，说明玉米秸秆青贮料的质量明显下降。乳酸菌和纤维素酶的共同作用可以使玉米秸秆青贮料的干物质消失率提高8％，使氨态氮与总氮的比值降低33％，丁酸占总酸的比例降低81％，同时使NDF、ADF的含量分别降低10％和7％，说明玉米秸秆青贮料的质量明显改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aim at the current situation of research on silage additives in China, the effects of different additives containing hydrochloric acid, caproic acid, lactobacillus, cellulase on the nutrient preservation and silage quality of corn stover silage had been studied in two experiments. Firstly, the dissertation chose the species of additives and decided the concentrations of addition. Then experiments had been carried out by using corn stover ensiled with those additives under ideal ensiling condition. After each storage and fermentation period, silage was removed from silo tin and analyzed for DM, pH, DM digestibility, NDF digestibility, organic acid composition and content, DM Recovery, silage composition, ammonia-N-to-total-N ratios (VBN/TN) of silage. Those results had been used to evaluate the effects of those additives on corn stover silage.Results showed that the addition of hydrochloric acid had decreased obviously the lactic-to-total acid ratios, DM Recovery, and improved concentrations of organic cell wall (OCW) (P<0.05). It means this treatment had debated the silage quality of corn stover silage. Caproic acid treatment had little effects on pH, DM digestibility, NDF digestibility, organic acid composition and content, DM Recovery, concentrations of NDF, ADF, ADL, OCW, organic b Fraction (OB) (P>0.05), but it repressed the growth of fungi and improved the odor, color, texture of the silage. Treatment of corn stover with caproic acid and hydrochloric acid could obviously decrease pH and concentrations of OB, ADF, ADL. Meanwhile, it could improve greatly the odor, color, texture of silage while DM digestibility, NDF digestibility, organic acid composition and content, DM Recovery, concentrations of NDF, OCW were not affected by this treatment (P>0.05). So it means the addition of caproic acid and hydrochloric acid had improved the silage quality.Although having minimal effects on DM digestibility, NDF digestibility, DM Recovery and concentrations of lactic acid, NDF, and crude protein, treatment of corn stover silages with cellulase had reduced VBN/TN 28%, ADF20% and butyric acid-to-total acid 100% as compared with control silage. This silage quality turned out to be better as compared with control silage. Lactobacillus treatment had increased concentrations of NDF, VBN/TN and decreased lactic acid content while this silage had good color, odor and texture. Treatment of corn stover silages with cellulase and lactobacillus had improved DM digestibility 8% and decreased VBN/TN 33%, butyric acid-to-total acid ratios 81%, NDF content 10%, ADF content 7%. That had approved their quality be improved obviously.更多还原