【作者】 陈晓婷；

【导师】 王果；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 土壤学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 采用盆栽试验研究了在镉、铅、锌污染的土壤上，几种改良材料对春秋两季小白菜的生长以及对元素吸收的影响。 第一季秋小白菜的盆栽试验，我们研究了石灰、钙镁磷肥、泥炭、硅肥对小白菜生长和元素吸收的影响。结果表明石灰和钙镁磷肥显著缓解重金属的毒害，改善了小白菜的生长；泥炭和硅肥对小白菜的生长略有改善。石灰和钙镁磷肥显著抑制小白菜对镉、铅、锌的吸收，对氮、钾、铜、锰的吸收也有显著抑制作用。泥炭和硅肥对镉、铅、锌的吸收的抑制效果较差。小白菜对镉、铅、锌的吸收均与土壤pH值呈显著负相关。 在第一季盆栽实验的基础上，设五个水平的石灰以保证使土壤中性化，再配施泥炭，研究有机—中性化作用对小白菜生长和元素吸收的影响。石灰（L）、石灰加低量泥炭（LP₁）、石灰加高量泥炭处理（LP₂）显著缓解重金属的毒害，显著改善了小白菜的生长状况，其中对茎叶鲜重的提高作用尤为显著，是对照的3～6倍。茎叶鲜重总体上看LP₁＞LP₂＞L。L、LP₁、LP₂处理显著抑制小白菜对镉、铅、锌的吸收，对小白菜铁、钾、铜、锰的吸收也有显著抑制作用。L₃～L₅，L₂P₁～L₅P₁处理可使Zn,Pb符合蔬菜卫生标准，L₂P₂～L₅P₂处理可使Zn符合蔬菜卫生标准，L₃P₂～L₅P₂可使Pb符合蔬菜卫生标准。Zn,Cd,Pb在土壤中的有效态含量（pH7.3的DTPA—CaCl₂—TEA提取） 与土壤pH呈极显著的负相关。Cd,Pb在小白菜茎叶的含量与土壤有效Cd,Pb也显著相关。而Zn,Cd,Pb在小白菜茎叶的含量与土壤pH呈极显著的二项式相关，茎叶Zn,Cd,Pb的含量先是随pH的升高而下降，而当pH升到6.7左右以后，茎叫Zn,Cd,Pb的含量又有回升。 上述结果表明，添加石灰、钙镁磷肥、泥炭等改良材料，可以在一定程度上抑制作物对土壤镉、铅、锌的吸收。但对于镉污染严重的土壤而言，这些改良材料还不能使小白菜的镉含量降低到食品卫生标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pot experiments were conducted on a Cd-Pb-Zn polluted soil with two seasons of Brassica chinensis to investigate the rehabilitative effects of some modifiers. The effects of lime, peat, calcium magnesium phosphate and Si fertilizer were studied in the first pot experiment. Calcium magnesium phosphate and lime significantly stimulated the growth of the vegetable and depressed the uptake of Cd, Pb and Zn. The poisonous symptom of the heavy metals was eliminated. The absorption of Cu, N, P and Mn was also inhibited. In comparison with lime and calcium magnesium phosphate, peat and Si fertilizer showed much weaker effect on stimulating the growth and inhibiting the uptake of the heavy metals. The enrichment coefficient order was: Cd>Zn>Cu>>Pb. The uptake of Cd, Pb and Zn by Brassica chinensis was significantly correlated with soil pH.Five levels of lime (L|-Ls)and two levels of peat (P|, P2) were applied to investigate the effect of organo-neutralization on the growth and element uptake of Brassica chinensis in the second pot experiment., Lime (L), lime and low level of peat( LP|), lime and high level of peat (LP2) all significantly alleviated the poisonous symptom of heavy metals and improved the growth of Brassica chinensis. Fresh weight of stem and leaf is 3-6 times as heavier as that of the control. Overall, the fresh weigh of stem and leaf is in the order of LP| > LP2 > L .The enrichment coefficients of Cd,Zn,Pb in Brassica chinensis were so great that their concentrations were far above the guide value of vegetable (Zn 20mg/kg, Cd 0.05mg/kg , Pb 1 .Omg/kg). The results showed that treatment L, LP1, LP2 significantly inhibited the uptake of Cd, Zn, Pb, Fe, K, Cu, Mn . Treatment L3~L5, L2P1~L5P1 could make the contents of Zn, Pb in Brassica chinensis accord with the guide value, Treatment L2P2桳5P2 could make the content of Zn accord with the guide value, Treatment L3P2~L5P2 could make the content of Pb accord with the guide value.The available heavy metals of Cd, Zn,Pb in soil were significantly negatively correlated with soil pH .The contents of Cd, Pb,Zn in Brassica chinensis also significantly correlated with their available contents in soil. Significant binomial correlation existed between the contents of Cd,Pb,Zn in Brassica chinensis and the soil pH.The above results showed that lime, calcium magnesium phosphate with organic materials can effectively improve the growth of vegetable and inhibit the uptake of heavy metals on Cd-Pb-Zn polluted soil to a great extent. However, the organo-neutralization was not effective enough to depress the Cd uptake for a soil seriously polluted with Cd.更多还原