【作者】 郭金英；

【导师】 范崇辉； 王力荣；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 果树学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 桃起源于我国西北地区，经过长期的自然选择和人工驯化栽培，已形成众多的变种、品种和类型。以往多从形态学、孢粉学、同工酶、染色体核型等方面研究桃种质的分类演化，取得了一定的成果。但还存在许多分歧，在技术手段上也存在着一定的局限性。本研究通过分子生物学的方法和技术，从DNA水平上研究中国桃种质资源的起源、遗传进化关系，主要取得以下研究结果： (1)用SDS法、高盐法、分步离心法、CTAB法、SDS-CTAB法、尿素法六种方法提取新红早蟠桃幼嫩叶片基因组DNA，结果表明分步离心法是较好的提取桃基因组DNA的方法。 (2)采用分步离心法从桃的果实、幼叶、芽、花、一年生韧皮部、二年生韧皮部提取DNA，结果表明桃幼嫩叶片和幼果是提取桃基因组DNA的理想部位。 (3)从220个随机引物中筛选出具有多态性强、带型清晰的引物18个，在分析桃种质时均成功得到应用。 (4)用筛选出的18个引物，共88个多态性位点，对110份桃种质进行WARD聚类，以聚类距离17.0进行分类，可将全部类型分为五类。毛樱桃、光核桃、山桃、甘肃桃、普通桃各自聚为一类，新疆桃作为普通桃的一个变种。聚类结果显示，光核桃处于原始地位，桃种质分类及演化途径为：光核桃→甘肃桃→山桃→普通桃(新疆桃)。观赏桃作为一个品种群，其在进化上应与新疆桃处于平行位置。 (5)从RAPD带型聚类图分析，普通桃类的遗传相似系数较高，基因交换频繁。依聚类结果，可将普通桃分为硬肉桃品种群、蜜桃品种群、水蜜桃品种群、蟠桃品种群、油桃品种群、黄桃品种群和观赏桃品种群。更多还原

【Abstract】 Peach, originating from the western of China,has developed many species and categories in the long period of natural selecting and artifical domestication.Lots of work have been done in morphology,pollen and isoenzyme with some performance about the identification,taxonomy and evolution of peach.But,thereare still some divergence in result and limitation in technology.By molecular biological methods,genetic relationship in resources of peach germplasm was studied.The results are as follow:(1) Based on the analysis of six isolation methods for genomic DNA of peach, the results showed that the step by step centrifugation method is optimal for isolation method.(2) Genomic DNA of fruits tender leaves flower bud anmal bast biennial bast of peach was isolated by the step bystep centrifugation method,the result shows yong leaves and fruits were optimal for isolation of genomic DNA of peach.(3) Eighteen decamer arbitrary primers, which had polymorphisms and clear bands, were selected out of two hundred twenty; the primers were successfully applified in analysis of peach germplasm.(4) 110 peach species and categoryies were studied by selected 18 primers and 88 divercification seats. All the materials were taxonomied into 5 typies at 17 distance: maoyingtao guanghetao shantao gansutao putongtao.Xinjiangtao was claffied with scientific name as Army gdalus persica var. Ferganensis.The result revealed: guanghetao lies in the primitive position. Molecular phylogeny of species in peach genus by DNA fringerprinting was as follows: guanghetao-gansutao-shantao-putongtao(xinjinangtao). Guanshangtao being a cultivar are similar to xinjiangtao in evolution status.(5) Putong peach had higher genetic similarity and frequency of gene exchange by dendrogram of RAPD bands. According to places of the accessions in the WARD cluster, putong peach could be divided into crisp groupmitao grouphoney peach group pantao group nectarine group,the yellow peach group and guanshang peach group.更多还原