【作者】 杨华；

【导师】 梁一池；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 森林培育学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过对表型选择得到的初选优树进行分析，分析影响锥栗单株产量的各因素，开展遗传测定，对无性系进行生理生化分析、遗传参数的估算、分析无性系的高产和稳产性，进行多性状选择，评选出综合性状优良的无性系。主要结果与结论如下： 1．对选出的60个高产优良表现型进行影响锥栗单株产量的相关分析、通径分析、回归分析、聚类分析，结果表明树高、树冠面积、发枝力等3个性状与单株产量呈极显著相关，影响单株产量直接效应最大的是树冠面积。感炭疽病、营养枝与结果枝比例（以后简称枝果比例）对单株产量有较大的负效应值。树冠面积、土壤肥力、感炭疽病、枝果比例对单株产量有较大的决定作用。回归分析表明：树冠面积、感炭疽病、土壤肥力、枝果比例、平均果重等五个性状与单株产量存在着极显著的线性关系，可得到预测模型Y=15.296+2.171 X₁+0.508 X₄-1.853 X₆-0.1 33 X₁₁-2.382 X₁₂。聚类分析筛选出15个单株产量最高的Ⅰ类优树，其中9607和9764两个号产量最高。 2．通过对锥栗无性系叶片的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量、过氧化物酶活性的分析，发现各无性系叶片间存在极显著的差异，可以作为一个间接选择生长优良的锥栗无性系的指标。叶绿素含量最高的4个无性系是56、18、6、24，类胡萝卜素含量最高的4个无性系是31、20、39、29，1、7、13、42、2这5个无性系的过氧化物酶活性较小。 3．通过对锥栗果实的蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性糖和淀粉含量的测定，比较不同无性系间的差异，并通过聚类分析，根据对营养成分的不同需求，可聚类成多种类型，但14号无性系的各营养价值都是最高的。 4．对锥栗无性系进行遗传测定，可以得到以下结论：（1）锥栗无性系间均达显著水平或极显著水平，可见锥栗的表型选择还是有效的。（2）实测产量与树高、冠幅、冠幅面积有极显著的关系。各年度平均冠幅面积产量和感病系数的关系达到极显著水平。（3）无性系重复力在0.297～0.965，大多具中等重复力。树冠面积、实测产量、单位产量的重复力、遗传增益均较大。（4）单位冠幅面积产量高的无性系抗性却不是很高，1和27号无性系单位冠幅面积产量很高，而抗性却很低。 5．对无性系进行丰产性和稳产性的分析，单个地点的方差分析结果可以看出，除地径外，其他性状均达到极显著差异；综合考虑环境的效应时，无性系与地点间的交互作用差异不显著，各无性系表现很稳定。遗传变异性分析结果表明：单株产量和树冠面积的遗传变异系数较大，选择效益较高。各性状的遗传相关系数大都大于表型相关系数。根据主成分值进行Q型聚类，以及实测产量、单位产量、回归系数和生产力指数进行二维聚类，6、8、15、29、30、66、72这7个无性系评价为丰产性优良无性系。其中30、8、15、66这4个无性系无论 锥栗忧良无性系选择的研究用哪个生产力指数值来看，都表现良好。从稳定性分析结果可以看出，2、9、乃、59、65、67、70这7个无性系在各性状上都表现较稳定。6．对几种约束条件进行比较；选择最优约束指数方程：b产八150P；、0刃4凡－0 zzs r。－a v；c r。－0 ，c； r。－a ovz r。。利月约束指数系数将无性系归类，得到较好的几个无性系：6、8、15、18、29、30、50、69。主成分分析，得到两个累积贡献率最大的主分量方程；第一主分量为 K－a／《工二＋a＊厂上》、a人小、0 98x－0 g4X＋0 g7X，定义为植株生长性状为主；第二主分量为 h～0 d、7X；＋0 4SXi8i、0 93x－0 02x、01 OX－01 7X。，定义为产量性状为主。以主分量方程求出的主成分值为依据，进行二维聚类，第一主成分值为X轴，第二主成分值为Y轴，将无性系分成三类。其中1、8、1工18、29、30、69这7个无性系为1类优良无性系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Castanea henryi Rehd.& Wils. is an important economic tree in Fujian province. It propagates easily, grows quickly, and its fruits have rich nutrition, high value of officinal. It has a great market potential inside and outside our country. Though its fruits quality is very known in the world, its fruits are small which is lack of competitive ability. At the same time, the consumers enhance the demand of quality. The first important question is to improve the cultivar so that it can adapt to market demand, supply various quality, increase ability of market competition and content.This dissertation analyses the initial plus trees selected by selection of phenotype. It concludes analysis of different factors of effect on unit tree yield of C. henryi Rehd.& Wils., physiological and biochemical analysis on clones, the progeny test and calculation of genetic parameter, analysis of high yield and stability of clones. The main results and conclusion is presented as follows:1. The initial plus trees are selected in the excellent plantations, gained 60 excellent phenotypes. With correlation analysis, path analysis, regression analysis and clustering analysis, the results of 15 factors of effect on unit tree yield explain that tree height, crown area arid branching ability are highly significant correlations with unit tree yield. The biggest direct effect is crown area. The anthracnose resistance, the proportion of nutrient and fruited branches bring negative effects. Under the analysis of determine coefficient and direct determine degree, crown area, soil fertility, anthracnose affected and proportion of nutrient and fruited branches produce larger determined effect on unit tree yield. Crown area, soil fertility, anthracnose resistance, proportion of nutrient and fruited branches and average fruit weight have highly significant linearity correlations with unit tree yield. It can gain forecasted model 7 = 15. 296 +2. \l\x, + 0. 508 A-l. 853 Ae?. 133 *,-2. 382 xa. It is chosen 15 highest yield plus trees among the 60 trees, 9607 and 9764 are the best.2. Analyzing Chlorophyll and Carotenoid quantity, activity of POD of leaves of clones of C.henryi Rehd.& Wils., there have highly significant variety among different clones leaves. They can be indirect choice index of excellent growth of clones of C.henryi Rehd.& Wils.. The clones of the highest contents of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid are 56,18,6,24 and 31,20,39,29 respectively. The clones of the lowest activity of POD are 1,7,13,42,2.3. Testing the contents of protein, fat, dissolubility sugar and amylum, it can compare the variety among different clones. With clustering analysis, they can be clustered different combinations according to different demands. But the 14 clone is the highest in all nutrient contents.4. From the progeny test on the clones, with the analysis of variance, correlation, clustering and calculation of genetic parameter, the following conclusions can be found: (l)The choosing of C.henryi Rehd.& Wils. by phenotypes is effective from the result of significant or highly significant level among clones. (2) Real yield and tree height, crown, crown area have highly significant correlation, which indicates that thecondition of growth effects on yield. The average crown area yield and resistance index have highly significant level, which explain that affected correlate with the transmissibility. (3) The repeatability of clones are between 0.297 and 0.965, most of them are middling level. The repeatability and genetic gains of crown area, real yield and unit tree yield are larger. (4) The clones with high unit crown area yield have lower resistance, such as 1 and 27 clones.5. Analysing the fertility and stability of clones, results of variance in single site indicate that the characters, except basal diameter, have highly significant variance. Synthesizing the effect of environment, the interaction of clones and sites has not variance, which explain that different clones are stable. The result of g更多还原