国有基地使用权研究

【作者】 王韬；

【导师】 康成杰；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 土地权利的研究，无论对土地法还是物权法，都处于基础性的地位。土地使用权是我国土地权利的核心。但是，目前它仍然不是一种独立的物种类，而是包括一类用益物权的权利束。对其加以细化、明确化正是本文的研究目的。本文首先讨论了土地权利体系确立的原则和权利划分的标准，论证了国有基地使用权在土地使用权体系中的地位，然后对其进行具体研究。本文所称“基地”，是指依据我国有关法律、法规的强行性规定，，确定用于非农建设的土地。国有基地使用权是指公民、法人依法取得的，对国有基地为占有、使用、收益及其他自由的排他性权利。笔者认为土地使用权人应享有以义务为界限的充分使用土地的概括的自由，主要包括占有、使用、收益权。来自于所有权、第三人权利、规划权、征收权的限制构成上述自由的边界。国有基地使用权与地上权权，在所有制基础、立法价值目标、设立方式、设立条件、内容等诸多方面都有较大差别，以设立地上权的方法解决我国房地冲突问题也不可行。国有基地使用权人应享有设立空间基地使用权的自由。他还应承担服从规划的义务，但如果规划实际构成对使用权人某种权利的征收，使用权人应享有求偿权。划拨土地使用权应进行改革，除非用于国家机关或公益事业，该类权利应转化为国有基地使用权，土地年租制是促进该转化的有效手段。国有基地使用权不应因时效而设立，但对已经出让的使用权，应允许因时效取得。更多还原

【Abstract】 either of Land Law or of Property law .Right to the use of land is the core of landed property right in the legal system of China. However, it is not absolutely a style of right of property but a bunch of rights including several right to the use of real property, so the point of this article is to make the right definitely and exactly. The principle should be observed to set up the system of landed property right and frame of reference to define all the rights to the use of land were talked about firstly, on the base of which, we proved the position of right to use of state-owned land for construction in the system of rights to use of land, then we studied it concretely. Land forconstruction in the article means the land be planed accord with the laws and regulations relatively to he used as the site of construction and other structures. Right to the use of state-owned land for construction is the lawful right which individuals gained to occupy, use, make profits and other liberty on state-owned land for construction. In my view, individuals who have the right to the use of the state-owned land for construction should take a lump sum of liberty to make full use of land, which is defined by liability and mainly include the rights of occuping, using and making profits. The limitation from ownership, third party right, planning authority and land requisitioning authority make up the confine of the liberty above. Right to the use of state-owned land for construction is remarkably deferent from the right to construct on the land in the field of legislation of ownership , goal of law, method and condition of installation and content, the reservation for the conflict between the ownership of house and right to the use of land is useless. Individuals who have the right to the use of state-owned land for construction should have liberty to set up the right to the use of the roomagc related to land and should obey the plans for land utili/ation, however, if some of the rights of the individuals who use the state-owned land were requisitioned by the state, the individual should be give right to gain compensate from state. Allocated right to the use of land should be reformed, which should be transform to the right to (he use of state-owned land for construction except the land used by the machinery of government or for commonweal. And the system to pay the land-tax yearly is effective method to promote the transforming above. Right to the use of state-owned land for construction should not be set up on the reason of limitation, but for the right which has been assignment, taking by prescription should be permitted.更多还原