【作者】 邓启明；

【导师】 金茂霞；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农业经济及管理， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 论文从对与农地制度密切相关的两个基本理论——马克思主义地租、地价理论和新制度经济学现代产权理论的学习和应用入手，在简要回顾农地家庭承包制的确立与发展的基础上，深入剖析了现行农地制度的主要缺陷与弊端，认为现行农地制度主要是缺乏与社会主义市场经济相适应的农地产权制度。但市场经济条件下的农地制度改革与创新，并不是要改变农地的所有制性质，而是要在巩固和完善农地集体所有制的基础上，紧紧围绕土地资源配置的市场化，将农地租赁制引入到家庭承包制中，严格界定各利益主体的权力、责任和利益，建立、健全新的农地流转、配置及收益分配机制，同时加强农地的保护与管理制度建设，并使之规范化、制度化和法律化，最终建立起以农地家庭承包租赁制为主要内容的新型农村土地制度。 论文着重提出了市场经济条件下，农地使用与管理制度改革与创新的具体道路与措施。概括地说，一是要坚持和完善现行农地集体所有制，明确界定农村集体土地所有权的代表及其组织形式，以及集体土地所有权的内容和行使形式，同时改进和完善土地承包方式，实行全面的土地有偿使用制度，规范农村集体土地的资产化管理。二是要在农地家庭承包制的基础上，紧紧围绕农地资源配置的市场化，改革与完善农地家庭承包制，建立起与社会主义市场经济相适应的新型农地使用制度——农地家庭承包租赁制。（1）稳定和完善农村土地经营使用权，促进土地使用权商品化；（2）改革与完善现行农地配置与利益分配机制，完善土地市场运行机制，建立健全农地流转机制。三是明晰非耕地资源的产权，完善非耕地资源的出让方式与程序和流转管理机制，促进非耕地资源有效流转与开发利用。四是加强农地立法和执法，建立健全农地保护机制，建立起适宜社会经济可持续发展的农地保护与管理制度，巩固和保证农地制度的有效性和权威性。 论文还提出了6条相应的配套改革措施：一是改革和完善农村的社会保障等制度体系，改善土地承包经营的外部环境；二是改善政府对农业的宏观调控与保护，优化农业生产、经营的宏观环境；三是深化科研、教育与推广体制改革，为我国农业的第二次飞跃提供切实的科技保障；四是调整和优化农村经济结构，提高我国农业和农村经济的整体素质和效益；五是 加强农业资源的广度开发和深度利用，优化农村劳动力转移的宏观环境； 六是加快农村小城镇建设和二、三产业的发展，为我国农地制度改革的深 化与创新创造宽松的外部环境。 以农地家庭承包租赁制为主要内容的新型农地制度的建立，既发挥了 家庭经营的优势，又发挥了市场机制的优势；既巩固了我国现行农地制度 改革的创新成果，保持了党和政府农村政策的连续性，又进一步深化了农 村经济改革。这是本研究的特色和创新之处，也是本研究成功与否的关键。 它必将强化农村经济发展的动力，促进我国农业和农村经济增长方式的根 本性转变，达到农村产业结构和农业内部结构的有效调整、土地产出不断 提高、农民收入不断增加，最终实现农业和整个农村经济的现代化。因而， 是适应社会主义市场经济发展要求的、同现代生产力水平相适应的、有利 于社会经济可持续发展的新型农地制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the studying and application of the Marxist rent and price of land theory and the modern property right theory, based on the reviewing of the setting up and development of the present farmland institution , this paper analysed the defects of the present farmland institution and believed that the reform and innovation of the farmland system under the socialist market economy in China was not going to change the nature of the system of ownership , but to lead the rent system to the contracted system of family , delimit the power , duty and benifit among the various main body , built up the new mechanism of transform ,deployment and income distribution . At the same timethe construction of the farmland protection and management system should be strengthened , standardized ,systemized and legistated to set up the new type farmland system which the main content of the system is the farmland contracted and rented by familyThis paper mentions the detailed path and countermeasures of the reform and innovation in the systems of farmland use and management under the socialist market ?oriented economy in China. Firstly, we must insist and perfect the present possesion system of the collective farmland to improve the efficiency of farmland allocation and use, such as delimiting its representation and content, and its forms of organization and enforcement, stimulating the possesion right of the collective farmland, improving and perfecting the forms of the contraction, standardizing the capitalized management of land resources . Secondly , in close connection with the market ?oriented economy of farmland resourses distribution , we should carry out the reform and improvement of the system of the farmland contracted by family , set up a new type of farmland utilization system?a system of farmland contracted and rented by family , geared to socialist market ?oriented ecnomy . (1) To stablize and perfect the right of use and management of the farmland, and promote it to be commercialized. (2 )To reform and perfect the present deployment and the distribution mechanism of farmland, perfect the running mechanism of land market, and to establish the system of farmland transforming and benifit distribution so as to suit the socialist market ?oriented economy. (3) To energetically push on the cooperation of farmland and the management of agricultural industry, to combine reasonably the construction of farmland institution with agriculture modernization. (4) To delimit the property right of the unused land resourse , perfect the the type and programme of renting and the management mechanism of transforing ,build the system of unused land resource, and accelerate the effective circulation and utilization.In the end, to strengthen the legislation and enforcement of the laws of farmland, set up and amplify the protection mechanism of the rural land , especially the cultivated landbuild up the system of land protection and management suited to the sustaintable development of the socialist market economic , cosolidate and assure the validity and authority of the farmland institutionSome comprehensive countermeasures are put forward as follows (1) Reforming and perfecting the rural systems to improve the esternal environment of the land contraction rights . (2) Improving the macro ?control and protection of the government to optimize the macro environment of agricultural production and management . (3) Deepening the reform of the systems of scientific research , educationand popularization to found a scientific basics for asecondleap in agriculture . (4) Adjusting and optimizing the rurale economic structure to improve the quality and benifit of agriculture and rural economy in China . (5) Strengthening the exploitation and utilization of agricultural resources in width and depth . (6) Accderating the construction of small cities and town and the development of the 2nd and 3rd industry in rural area to provide an excellent environment for the further reform and innovation of farmland institution更多还原