【作者】 金海旺；

【导师】 李锋；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 考古学及博物馆学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 隋唐时期的石质葬具多出土于高等级墓葬中,帝王陪葬墓占有相当大的比例。随着该时期石质葬具资料的不断积累,为研究当时的等级制度和丧葬制度提供了丰富的实物资料。本文以考古资料、传世文献和墓志为基础,依据墓葬纪年和石椁、石棺、石棺床的形制差别将隋唐石质葬具分为三期。早期,石质葬具种类延续北朝风格,悬山顶逐渐被庑殿顶取代,歇山顶、硬山顶、拱顶类石棺椁与庑殿顶并存。使用石棺床的墓主等级同使用石椁的墓主等级相当。中期,石棺和石棺床的使用减少,集中出现使用庑殿顶石椁的双室砖墓。皇帝或权势人物为体现其特权对先前非正常死亡的亲属进行大肆改葬。晚期,使用石质葬具的墓主身份出现多样化,虽然墓主等级总体上在三品以上,但此时的石质葬具逐渐不再具有等级象征。根据文献、墓志中记载唐代赠赐东园秘器的墓主,结合考古发掘情况,认为唐代的东园秘器应为皇帝赠赐给墓主的丧葬类用具。根据石质葬具的分期情况看,在早期石质葬具的使用较符合墓主等级。中期出现特权葬制,人为地提高墓主等级,使用高规格的葬制。晚期石质葬具的使用逐渐不受丧葬令的限制。总体看来,石质葬具的使用是属于特殊的葬制,绝大部分是经统治者赠赐给墓主使用的,其发展状况体现了当时丧葬活动重心由葬转至丧的习俗变化；也体现了隋唐对汉族和少数民族文化的认同和融合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Most of the sarcophaguses in Sui and Tang Dynasties were buried and found in higher rank tombs. Especially in the emperors’tombs, it makes a substantial proportion. With the sarcophaguses of Sui and Tang dynasties been discovered and accumulated gradually, it provides abundant physical materials for the further study of hierarchies and the funeral systems in Sui and Tang Dynasties.Based on the archaeological datum and the literatures handed down from ancient times and epitaphs and stone outer coffins, kistvaens, sarcophagus beds, according to the tombs’dates and sarcophaguses were buried with shape differences and split types, the sarcophaguses of Sui and Tang dynasties have been divided into three periods or stages:In early stage, the types of the sarcophaguses remained a lot of characters of the North Dynasty. Xuan Shan Roofs were taken over by Wu Dian Roofs. There also Xie Shan roofs, Ying Shan roofs and Arch-roofs been used in the kistvaens at the same time. The owners who used sarcophagus beds were at the same class with the owners who used stone outer coffins. In medium stage, the use of kistvaens and sarcophagus beds were cut down. And they were discovered in the bricked tombs with double rooms and stone outer coffins of Wu Dian roofs. The emperors and the ones who had power and influence made changes in the funeral custom of their irregular dead relatives to embody their privilege. In late stage, the identities of the owners of the tombs with sarcophaguses become more diversified. Though the sarcophaguses mostly appeared in the tombs of the third class and higher officers, it is no longer as a symbol of rank system.According to documents and records, epitaphs named the secret apparatus of Eastern Garden according to the articles were produced for the owners of the tombs, statistical archaeology installment has unearthed the stone was buried in the tomb with high proportion, it is concluded that the east garden secret apparatus should be given by the emperor as a gift using as the funeral appliance. On the basis of the division of sarcophaguses, the use of it was accord with the political identities of the rank of the owners. In the medium stage, there came privileged funeral system. In the funerals the rank of the owners was raised up artificially. In late stage the use of sarcophaguses was no longer restricted by the funeral system. Generally, the use of sarcophaguses belonged to the specific funeral system, most of them were granted by the emperors as gifts to the owners. The changes and development of the sarcophaguses indicated that the funeral custom was changed from bury to funeral as a ceremony. It is also reflected the Sui and tang dynasties of Han nationality and minority culture identity and cultural integration and synthesis.更多还原