【作者】 张卫；

【导师】 吴荣新；

【作者基本信息】 安徽理工大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 煤层开采后顶板会产生变形与破坏,其破坏范围及深度值对煤矿安全生产带来重要影响,因此必须获得其破坏状况及相应参数。目前利用地球物理方法对覆岩破坏范围探测是研究的热点,其探测精度及分辨能力一直受到人们关注。本论文通过顶板钻孔在相应位置布设电法传感器,形成有效探测空间,利用并行电法进行动态数据测试,分析煤层开采过程中顶板岩层变形与破坏规律,为现场工程应用提供有效的基础数据。本文首先介绍了三带的形成机理、运移规律,并对诸如覆岩力学性质、地层结构特征、煤层赋存状态及地质构造等影响裂缝带发育高度的主要因素和经验公式逐一陈述；其次对并行电法系统的采集和成像处理方式进行深入分析,完成了包括采集方法、常规处理和高分辨处理及层析成像技术的详细说明；然后基于岩体电阻率性质跟地质构造一定的对应关系,将覆岩破坏与并行电法有机联系,依据全空间高精度三维电法测量思想,提出工作面顶板三带监测系统的设计原则和构建要求,为电法实际探测储备了合适的观测系统。通过在顾北煤矿11-2煤观测孔应用并行电法技术,将其数据处理解释表明：单次测试电流与背景电流的比值剖面和跨孔电阻率反演剖面,较直观的反映了超前影响带、垮落带和裂缝带的发育渐变情况,视电阻率值在采空区升高的区域不断扩大,局部甚至达到背景电阻率值的5倍以上。采用并行电法技术用于顶板破坏裂缝带的实时监测效果明显,能显示出顶板在回采过程中的变化破坏情况,所获得的垮落带和裂缝带高度值与神经网络、规程所得结果基本吻合。论文同时指出了并行电法技术存在的不足及今后的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The range and depth value of deformation failure to roof caused by coal mining affect the safe production of the mine, so we need to obtain the failure condition and related parameter of the roof. Presently, the geophysics technology is a research hotspot concerning about detecting the range of overburden failure, and its detection accuracy and resolution are always attracting attentions. By means of laying electrical sensor in roof boreholes of the appropriate location in order to form effective detection space, the paper analyzes deformation and failure characteristics of roof rock by using parallel electrical method dynamic acquisition data testing to supply effective basic information for field application.Firstly,This paper introduces the formation mechanism and the develop process of the overlying strata, and separately analyzes empirical formula and the main influence factors of the height of caving zone, such as the overburden mechanical properties, soil structure characteristics,the deposit state of coal seam, and so on. Secondly, the paper has made a further explain on the acquisition and the imager processing of parallel electrical data, mainly including acquisition method, conventional processing method and high resolution. And the resistivity tomography has been also described in details at last. Thirdly, considering the relation between rock resistivity properties and geological structure, the author of this thesis bring the overburden failure into relation with parallel electrical method; Based on the theory of full-space high-accurate3D electrical resistivity method, the principles and building requirements for designing the dynamic monitoring system of water conducting fractures are put forward, which have been successfully reserve observation system used in electric method fort detection technology.By the application of parallel electrical technique in observation borehole from coal seam11-2of Gubei coal mine, field detection results show that leading infection, caving zone and fractured zone had been developed significantly in the current ratio section of several time and background detection and the resistivity inversion section about cross-hole, apparent resistivity values of elevated goaf area which had even reached5times more than that of the background locally increased continuously.The result shows that the application of parallel electrical method in detecting the evolution of water conducting fractures in coal seam floor is effective, and it can present the failure mode of coal seam floor in mining process, the height of caving zone and fractured zone used with the technology is identical with the consequence of neural network and regulation. This paper indicates the lack of the method and study direction in the days to come.更多还原