【作者】 杨晋英；

【导师】 任竹梅；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 遗传学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 五倍子蚜是寄生在盐肤木、青麸杨、红麸杨等盐肤木属Rhus植物上的一类蚜虫。这类蚜虫能够在盐肤木属植物的叶片上形成虫瘿,称为五倍子。五倍子蚜属于半翅目Hemiptera瘿绵蚜科Pemphigidae五节根蚜亚科Fordinae倍蚜族Melaphidini昆虫,包括6属15种(包含3亚种),除北美分布一单属种外,其余分布东亚。2009年在江西上饶铅山县七星山青麸杨上采集到一未知倍花蚜种,对该五倍子蚜采用形态学和分子鉴定方法进行鉴定,确定其分类学地位。采集到的五倍子蚜新种虫瘿着生在青麸杨复叶总轴基部,呈粉红色二分叉倍花状,大小约为120mm×1OOmm。选取15头未知倍花蚜对其头、胸、腹各部分特征进行观察、测量和描述记录,结果表明：新种触角上的次生感觉圈形状、数目不同于其他五倍子蚜,触角第Ⅲ节有3个环状次生感觉圈,第Ⅳ和Ⅴ节各有1或2个大次生感觉圈,呈椭圆形；将新种与已知的6属15种(包含3亚种)五倍子蚜虫的形态特征进行比较,根据《中国经济昆虫志》和《中国动物志》上的蚜虫检索表进行检索,鉴定该新种属于瘿绵蚜科Pemphigidae圆角倍蚜属Nurudea种类。由于该新种与圆角倍蚜属的圆角倍蚜、倍花蚜和红倍花蚜的触角次生感觉圈、第一寄主、虫瘿形态不同,所以确定其为圆角倍蚜属一新种。同时,测定该新种mtDNA部分基因序列进行测定,共测得新种蚜虫和13种(含3个亚种)五倍子蚜mtDNA COI、tRNA+COII和Cytb部分基因序列,长度分别为1535bp、643bp和433bp,共计2633bp。用软件DNAMAN分别分析14个五倍子蚜种单一基因和联合基因的同源性,结果显示与形态学鉴定一致的结果,未知倍花蚜与圆角倍蚜属的倍花蚜和红倍花蚜的同源性最高。用NJ方法分别构建COI、tRNA+COII和Cytb三者的联合基因和单一基因分子发育系统关系。结果显示：每个单一基因和联合基因对五倍子蚜的聚类关系除了个别五倍子蚜外,总体是一致的。新种除了在tRNA+COII基因构建的NJ树中与倍花蚜聚在一起,红倍花蚜独立成为一支外,其他基因构建的树中,新种和倍花蚜、红倍花蚜三者都聚在一起。总之分子聚类关系与形态学研究得到的结果一致,新种与圆角倍蚜属的倍花蚜和红倍花蚜的亲缘关系较近,应属于圆角倍蚜属,定名为郑氏倍花蚜Nurudea zhengi Ren sp.。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Rhus gall aphids (Hemiptera:Pemphigidae:Fordinae) are the aphid group which parasitizes exclusively on the leaves of the primary host-plant genus Rhus to form galls. The Rhus gall aphids include six genera and fifteen spcies, and most of which distribute in East-Asia except for a single species Melaphis rhois in North American. We collected a new species in Jiangxi province in2009. In this study, we identified the new species by the morphological characters and molecular data, and established its taxonomic status.The gall formed by the new species is pink flower-like and locates on the basis of the total axle of compound leaf on Rhus potaninii Maxim. The features of head, chest and abdomen from15individuals of the new species were observed, measured and described. The analysis showed that a major difference between the new species and other Rhus gall aphids lies on the shape and number of secondary rhinaria. By comparing the morphological characteristics between the new species and other Rhus gall aphids including six genera and13species (including three subspecies), we found that the new species have tree cyclic secondary rhinaria on the3rd antennal segment and have one or two large oval secondary rhinaria on the4th and5th antennal segment. The new species belongs to the Pemphigidae, Nurudea referring to aphids keys in "Economic Insect Fauna of China" and "Fauna sinica".In addition, the partial sequences of mtDNA COI, tRNA+COII and Cytb genes of the new species were examined by PCR method, and totally2633bp in length was obtained, among which include1535bp COI,643bp tRNA+COII and433bp of Cytb genes. Combined with the relative sequences of other Rhus gall aphids in6genera and13species (including three subspecies), the sequences were analyzed. Using the software DNAMAN, we analyzed the homology of single and combined gene in14species. The results were the same as the results of morphological identification. The new specie has the highest homology with Nurudea shiraii and Nurudea yanoniella. Phylogenetic tree of single and combined genes were constructed by NJ method. The results showed that phylogenetic relationship of the Rhus gall aphids were consistent. The new specie was clustered with N.shiraii, but N.yanoniella was an independent clade in NJ tree based on the tRNA+COII gene. In others phylogenetic trees, the new species was clustered with N.shiraii and N.yanoniella. These results of the phylogenetic tree and morphology were coincident. The new specie has a closer relationship with N.shiraii and N.yanoniella from the genus Nurudea, and it was named as Nurudea zhengi Ren sp.更多还原