【作者】 苏云鹏；

【导师】 申元英；

【作者基本信息】 大理学院 ， 流行病与卫生统计学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：了解大学生对艾滋病相关知识的了解情况以及对艾滋病的态度和行为，采取在大学生中开展健康教育等干预活动，对干预后的大学生对艾滋病的相关知识、态度和行为进行对比分析，评价健康教育的效果，为高校开展大学生艾滋病健康教育和青年大学生预防艾滋病提供依据。方法：采取问卷调查的方式对2010年新入校的大学生进行艾滋病的相关知识、态度和行为的普查，了解大学生对艾滋病相关知识的了解情况以及对艾滋病的态度和行为，之后对大学生开展知识讲座、公选课程学习等多种方式的健康教育，经过一年的健康教育后，再次进行调查，并与基线调查结果进行对比分析。数据整理后使用EpiData3.0软件建立数据库和SPSS19.0软件包统计分析。结果：1.大学生对艾滋病相关知识掌握情况对艾滋病相关知识的问题得分通过变量重新赋值及加权评分后得出总分，以60分为合格。干预前大学生对艾滋病相关知识掌握合格人数为2619人，不合格人数为842人，均数64.50分，标准差10.22。干预后，对艾滋病相关知识合格人数为3323人，不合格人数为133人，均数84.94分，标准差12.68。干预后与干预前比较，总分显著提高，差异有统计学意义（t=73.760， p﹤0.01）。可认为通过干预，大学生对艾滋病相关知识的掌握程度有了明显的提高，干预活动是有效果的。2.大学生获取艾滋病知识的途径大学生获取艾滋病相关知识的途径主要是电视广播（82.72%），书籍报刊（80.79%），网络影视（66.31%），同伴教育（11.99%），其他途径（38.17%），说明电视广播和报刊书籍是大学生获取艾滋病知识的主要途径。不同性别大学生通过电视广播（x2=25.561，﹤0.01）、书籍报刊（=13.718，﹤0.01）两种途径获得的艾滋病相关知识有显著的统计学差异；男生与女生通过同伴教育途径获得艾滋病相关知识也有有统计学意义（x~2=4.373，p﹤0.05）。医学生和非医学专业学生通过同伴教育（x~2=18.743，p﹤0.01）、书籍报刊（x~2=25.142，p﹤0.01）和其他途径（x~2=24.381， p﹤0.01）获得的艾滋病知识有显著的统计学差异。3.大学生对艾滋病的态度干预后与干预前比较，大学生对艾滋病的态度不同，差异有统计学意义（p﹤0.05）。在认为学校向学生讲授艾滋病知识非常重要（干预前84.60%，干预后94.25%）、怀疑自己感染艾滋病病毒会到疾控中心或医院检查（干预前73.39%，干预后83.85%）、想成为志愿者（干预前53.05%，干预后66.51%）这三方面的态度有统计学差异。可认为经过干预，大学生对艾滋病的态度有所转变，能以积极、乐观的态度对待艾滋病。4.当大学生在不慎感染了艾滋病病毒时的行为干预后与干预前比较，大学生在不慎感染了艾滋病病毒时的行为有所改变，差异有统计学意义（﹤0.05），其中当感染艾滋病病毒后积极寻找治疗方案，调整好身心状况的大学生人数和选择快乐的过剩下的日子，尽量忘记这件事情的人数有显著增多。说明经过健康教育，大学生比以前更能够积极、乐观的对待艾滋病（﹤0.05）；另外，选择恶意传播艾滋病的学生人数显著减少（﹤0.05），可认为干预后在大学生中存在的不良心理有所改善和减轻。5.艾滋病相关知识掌握情况多因素非条件Logistic回归分析采用逐步回归法，最后只有性别、年龄、是否为独生子女和学科4个因素留在模型中，其中性别、年龄和学科类别三个变量的回归系数为正值，且OR值（Exp(B)）＞1，说明性别、年龄和学科类别这三个因素是大学生掌握艾滋病相关知识的影响因素；性别为男性、≥18岁和学科类别为医学，是大学生掌握艾滋病相关知识的促进因素。独生子女变量的回归系数为负值，且OR值（Exp(B)）＜1，说明独生子女这个变量是大学生掌握艾滋病相关知识的抑制因素。结论：高校开展健康教育有助于提高大学生对艾滋病相关基本知识的了解，同时能让学生正确的认识艾滋病，以积极、正面的态度对待艾滋病，在不慎感染了艾滋病病毒时也能乐观、平静的处置。高校要采取多种形式针对不同性别、不同专业的大学生进行预防艾滋病健康教育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To find out the condition of undergraduate’s knowledge about the relatedinformation of AIDS and the attitude and behavior towards AIDS. By the means ofdeveloping intervention activities about health education between undergraduates,make a comparative analysis of undergraduate’s attitude, behavior and the knowledgeabout related information of AIDS,appraise the effect of health education, offeringbasis for college health education and undergraduates’prevention of AIDS.Method: Make a general investigation of2010freshman about the relatedknowledge、attitude、behavior of AIDS through questionnaire survey to figure out thecondition of undergraduate’s knowledge about the related information of AIDS andthe attitude and behavior towards AIDS. Then take measures like lectures on AIDSand systematic study to improve health education for undergraduates. Make theinvestigation again after one year’s study and meanwhile make a comparative analysisbetween basic survey result. Use EpiData3.0software to create database andSPSS19.0software package to statistical analysis after consolidating data.Result:1. the condition of undergraduate’s knowledge about the related information ofAIDSThe total score about the questions’ scores of knowledge about the relatedinformation of AIDS was acquired by the variables were assign values again andweighted score obtained, and it was defined as qualified when the total score reached 60.Before intervention,the qualified number of undergraduates is2619and theunqualified number is842with the mean64.50and the standard deviation10.22.Afterintervention, the qualified number of undergraduates is3323and the unqualifiednumber is133,with the mean84.94and the standard deviation12.68. There being astatistical significance in the awareness difference between two groups before andafter intervention（t=73.760， p﹤0.01）.It’s considered that the condition ofundergraduate’s knowledge about the related information of AIDS was improvedremarkably after intervention, so the intervention was positive in result.2. The way of undergraduates’AIDS knowledge acquirementUndergraduates gain AIDS knowledge through many means likeairwaves(82.72%),books(80.79%),internet(66.31%),peer education(11.99%) and otherways（38.17%）,so airwaves and books are the major ways. There is a statisticalsignificance in the awareness difference between airwaves（x~2=25.561,P﹤0.01）and books（x~2=13.718， P﹤0.01）for different sexual undergraduates approachingto AIDS knowledge. There is also a statistical in the awareness difference betweenboys and girls gaining AIDS knowledge through peer education （=4.373，﹤0.05）. There is a statistical significance in the awareness difference between medicoand non-medicine major postgraduate getting AIDS knowledge through peereducation（X~2=18.743， P﹤0.01）、books（X~2=25.142，P﹤0.01）and other ways（X~2=24.381，P﹤0.01）.3. The undergraduates’attitude towardsAIDSThere is a statistical significance in the awareness difference between twogroups before and after intervention（P﹤0.05）. There is a statistical significance inthe awareness difference among these three kinds of attitude. It’s very important forschool teaching AIDS knowledge(before intervention:84.60%, after intervention:94.25%),go to hospital or CDC to have a health check for suspecting HIV infection(before intervention:73.39%, after intervention:83.85%),want to be a volunteer(before intervention:53.05%, after intervention:66.51%). See from theintervention, the undergraduates’attitude towards AIDS has greatly changed and havean optimistic attitude towards AIDS.4. The behavior of undergraduates’HIV mindless infectionThere is a statistical significance in the awareness difference between twogroups before and after intervention（p﹤0.05）.Among these the number of findingout cure measures positively after HIV infection adjusting the body and mind’scondition. choose to have a happy life and forget it has increasing greatly, so afterhealth education, undergraduate can have a more optimistic attitude towards AIDS（﹤0.05）.Also, the number of choosing malicious spread AIDS has decreased（﹤0.05）,it’s considered that undergraduates’ badness psychology has beenbanished and improved after intervention.5. Unconditional Logistic regression analysis on knowledge about the relatedinformation of AIDSUsing stepwise regression, only gender, age, whether for single children andsubject these factors keep in model at last, including gender, age and subject categorythree variables of the regression coefficients are positive value and OR (Exp (B))>1,which indicate that gender, age and subject categories are the influence factors ofcollege students knowledge related AIDS; Male, age≥18years old and medicinemajor are promote factors. The regression coefficients variable of single children isnegative and OR value (Exp (B))<1, which indicate that single children is therestrain factor of college students knowledge related AIDS.Conclusion: College health education has a great effect on improving the knowledgeabout the related information of AIDS for undergraduates, it can help student to get ahealthy recognition towards AIDS and to have an optimistic attitude dealing with itwhen AIDS mindless infection. So college should take many different kinds of healtheducations of gaining AIDS knowledge between different sexual and different majors.更多还原