【作者】 杨承凤；

【导师】 刘秀生；

【作者基本信息】 机械科学研究总院 ， 材料学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 水基金属清洗剂主要是由表面活性剂和缓蚀剂组成，表面活性剂是具有非离子、阴离子或两性离子的表面活性物质，是由憎水基和亲水基两部分组成的化合物。采用表面活性剂复配技术开发的水基清洗剂适用范围广、去污能力强，适用于机械化自动清洗，可广泛用于金属加工业。国内外对钴基合金清洗剂的钴析出问题研究较少，本文通过筛选出适用的表面活性剂进行复配，制备出新型的弱碱性、中性高效缓蚀清洗剂，能较好地抑制钴基合金中钴离子析出。研制的清洗剂不仅要求清洗效率很高，而且能抑制钴基合金中钴的析出。首先采用正交试验方法拟定配方，充分利用溶液的溶解力、溶质的pH值和表面活性剂的特性，同时加入功能性助剂，使清洗剂具有去污作用以外的多种功能，以增强和加大清洗剂的清洗能力，通过比较在不同清洗剂配方清洗后试样的清洗效率（CEF）及表面腐蚀形貌，确定了清洗剂的基本组成与清洗工艺。其次在配方中加入金属缓蚀剂，缓蚀试验筛选出清洗、缓蚀效果良好的复合缓蚀剂，通过改变其用量，筛选出添加最佳用量复合缓蚀剂后的清洗剂，能明显抑制试样中钴离子析出。最后采用柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液调节清洗剂的pH值，最终确定清洗剂配方。清洗试验中弱碱性和中性清洗剂对人工油污的CEF可达99.93%、99.74%，能彻底地清除金属表面的油污，达到ASTM G121-98与QB/T2117-95要求。缓蚀清洗剂缓蚀评价试验结果均表明，研制的两种清洗剂能减少钴基合金的腐蚀面积，明显抑制合金中Co²⁺析出，缓蚀效果优良。通过对比研制的弱碱性、中性清洗剂与进口、国产清洗剂对钴基合金的清洗、浸泡、盐雾、电化学、SEM和能谱试验，表明研制的清洗剂的缓蚀效果更好，能更好抑制钴基合金中Co²⁺析出，解决了清洗剂的钴析出问题。因此，本文研制的清洗剂使用方便，安全环保，符合新型高性能清洗剂的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water-based metal cleaning agents are mainly composed of surface active agent andcorrosion inhibitor. The surface active agents have nonionic, anionic and amphoteric ionsurfactant, which are composed of two compounds of the hydrophobic and hydrophilicgroups. The water-based cleaning agents use the complex surfactant technology todevelop widely applicable range and decontamination capability. They are suitable formechanized automatic cleaning that can be widely used in metal processing industry.The research of cleaning agents about domestic and foreign literature oncobalt-base alloy precipitation problem is few. Through the screening out of suitablesurfactant, this article has prepared a new type of alkaline and neutral efficient cleaningagent, which can effectively inhibit cobalt ion precipitation of cobalt-base alloy. Thecleaning agent requires not only the high cleaning efficiency but also can better inhibitthe cobalt precipitation of cobalt-base alloy, so the formulation is also required to jointhe metal corrosion inhibitor. Firstly, this article use the orthogonal test method to drawup the formula, make full use of the solubility of the solution, the solute pH value andthe characteristics of surfactant additives. At the same time, it can have a variety offunctions of the cleaning agent beside the decontamination effect in order to enhanceand increase the cleaning ability, through the comparison’s CEF and surface corrosionmorphology of different cleaning formulations after cleaning. So it determines thecleaning agent composition and cleaning technology. Secondly in the corrosion inhibitorscreening test for good cleaning and corrosion inhibition effect of compound corrosioninhibitor, it can filter out to add optimum dosage of compound corrosion inhibitor intothe cleaning agent by changing the dosage, which can obviously inhibit the precipitationof cobalt ion on the surface of the sample. Finally using citric acid and sodium citratebuffer solution to regulate the cleaning agent of the pH value so that to ultimatelydetermine the cleaning formulations.The washing test of weak alkaline and neutral cleaning agent on artificial oil CEFis up to99.93%and99.74%, they can thoroughly remove greasy dirt from the metalsurface, which have achieved the ASTM G121-98and QB/T2117-95requirements. Thetest’s results of the cleaning agent corrosion evaluation show that the two kinds ofcleaning agent can not only reduce the corrosion area of cobalt base alloy, but alsoinhibit the precipitation of Co²⁺, so their corrosion effect are very well. Through thecontrast of the cleaning, immersion, salt spray, electrochemistry, SEM and energyspectrum test of the weakly alkaline, neutral, import and domestic cleaning agent on cobalt-based alloy. It has also showed that the developed cleaning agent’s corrosioneffect is better. They can better inhibit Co²⁺emission of cobalt base alloy, which solvethe cleaning agent cobalt precipitation problem. Therefore, this paper has developed twokinds of cleaning agent that the use is convenient, safe and environmental, whichconforms to the development direction of the new high performance cleaning agents.更多还原