【作者】 丁文乔；

【导师】 邱子健；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨师范大学 ， 动物学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本文利用常规透射电镜技术，改进样品制备方法的扫描电镜技术对前口虫(Frontonia sp.)的整体形态，表膜下结构和口部前庭动基列结构进行了研究。得出了以下结果：(一)用改进的扫描电镜样品制备方法处理前口虫，使其细胞质外流后细胞膜自动外翻。从而可以在扫描电镜下从内部观察前口虫的表膜构造。(二)在扫描电镜下可以观察到表膜下存在着三层纤维系统，分别是紧挨着表膜的由细纤维组成的网格状纤维层；第二层是出现在射出胞器周围的极细纤维束；第三层是排列规律符合右手定则的粗大纤维，故推测为动纤丝。这三层纤维有机的结合成为一个整体，推测其功能为：1、使射出体、线粒体等胞器固着在细胞表膜或细胞质中；2、作为细胞骨架的一部分，支持着细胞的正常形态。(三)结合扫描电镜和透射电镜观察结果，在前口虫体内新看到了多种射出胞器：一种位于口部的特殊形态刺丝泡，另外还有毒素泡和粘液泡。另有其它3种类射出胞器,它们的内部组分及功能尚不清楚，所以它们归属哪一类射出体也无法确定。(四)在高倍扫描电镜下观察到了前口虫的三排前庭动基列的微管组成。每条动基列都是由若干个粗大的柱形体规则排列而成的。并且在三条动基列间存在着数条细纤维将相邻两列连接起来。猜想这一结构可以使前口虫的胞口有力地张开和闭合，增强其摄食的能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper uses the conventional transmission electron microscope technology,improved sample preparation method for scanning electron microscopy to deal withFrontonia sp. in overall shape; surface membrane structure and export structure werestudied. Results are as follow:(一)With improved scanning electron microscope (SEM) sample preparation methods todeal with Frontonia sp., make its cytoplasm outflow of cytomembraneautomatically. Then observe the inside structures under the SEM.(二) There are three layers of fiber system under the surface membrane, the first one isthe fine fiber grid which next to the membrane, second layer is seen in the injectionorganelle around very fine fiber bundle, the third layer is coarse fiber, arrangedwith the right hand rule, supposedly kinetodesma. These three layers of fiber joinedas an organic whole, its functions are:1, the extrusome, mitochondria and otherorganelles fix in the cell surface membrane or cytoplasm;2, as a part of thecytoskeleton, supporting cells of the normal form.(三) Combined with the results of scanning electron microscope and transmissionelectron microscope（TEM）, we can see multiple new kinds of extrusome inFrontonia sp. in the see injection organelles: one is a kind of trichocyst is locatedat the oral of Frontonia sp., besides that are toxicysts and mucocysts. While theother three kinds of extrusome, their internal components and functions is not clear,so they belong to which kind of extrusome is not determined.(四) Under the high power SEM discovered that the vestibular kinety of Frontonia sp. ismade of three rows of microtubules. Each kinety base columns are composed of aplurality of thick cylinder arranged. And between three vestibular kinety are anumber of fine fibers which link the adjacent columns. Guess this structure canmake Frontonia sp. effectively to open and close its oral area, enhance its feedingcapacity.更多还原