【作者】 楚绪磊；

【导师】 暴庆刚；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 人类社会的现代化带来了科技的迅猛发展、物质产品的极大丰富,但也出现了物质生活与人的精神生活不协调、失衡的现象,公民道德人格的发展与经济社会的发展存在反差,公民的思想道德水平并没有与科技的发展同步,公民个体在价值观念上迷失、道德情感上匮乏、道德认知与道德实践严重脱离,整个社会的道德状况面临荒漠化危险的严峻形势。面对这样的严峻形势,塑造什么样的公民道德人格才能适应社会的变革与发展、怎样塑造理想的公民道德人格成为我们不得不思考的问题。道德具有时代性、普遍性和继承性的特征,现代公民道德人格的塑造与培养不仅仅要考虑当前社会转型期的实际情况,也要充分吸收和借鉴中国传统伦理思想中理想人格的精华之处。儒家理想人格思想对中国古代道德人格修养影响至深,儒家理想人格模式成为传统理想人格养成的主要模式,其中先秦儒家的理想人格思想最具开创意义也最有特色,它积淀在中华民族的思维模式和行为规范中,成为中华民族民族心理、民族性格的重要组成部分。结合现代公民道德人格教育的实际需要对其中的精髓进行创造性的转化,使先秦儒家理想人格焕发新的光彩,对于建立和完善中国特色的公民道德人格教育理论、指导公民道德人格养成实践具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。本文研究的主要内容分为以下几个部分：第一部分从社会经济基础、“人本精神”的兴起和“性相近”“性善论”“性恶论”等方面分析了先秦儒家理想人格产生的历史背景和人性论基础。第二部分首先探讨了孔子、孟子、荀子等思想家对君子人格和圣人人格的界定和追求,从君子理想和圣人理想两个方面分析了先秦儒家理想人格的目标设计。其次阐明了先秦儒家理想人格的主要修养方法：学思并重、存心养性、正心诚意、知行统一。第三部分着重探讨了先秦儒家理想人格的现代价值,现代公民道德人格教育既要借鉴自强不息的进取精神、“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”的爱国情怀、“以义制利”的价值取向、“己所不欲,勿施于人”的黄金法则等这些先秦儒家理想人格的合理内容,也要借鉴先秦儒家理想人格养成的方法：坚持德教为先与修身为本相结合、坚持法律他律与道德自律相结合、坚持道德要求的广泛性与先进性相结合、坚持道德认识与道德实践相结合。更多还原

【Abstract】 The modernization of human society has brought a rapid development of science and technology, but there have been the appearance that material life and spiritual life of disharmony, imbalance. There is contrast between the developments of citizen’s moral personality and economic. Ideological and moral standards of citizen are not with the development of science and technology.citizens lost on the value, lack of moral emotion, and their moral cognition is out of moral practice. The moral status of the entire community is at risk of desertification of the grim situation. Faced with such serious situations, shape what kind of citizens’ moral personality to adapt to social change and development and how to shape the ideal citizens of moral personality are the problems which we have to think about. Morality has the characteristics of the era, universality, and inheritance. The training of modern citizens’ moral Personality must not only consider the actual situation of the social transformation but also have to fully learn and absorb the ideal person Paradigm Traditional Chinese Ethics and develop the essence of the method. Confucian ideal personality thought profound impact on the moral personality cultivation in ancient China, the Confucian ideal personality mode became major of traditional ideal personality model, thought of pre-Qin Confucian ideal personality is the most create meaningful, but also the most characteristic. It is accumulated in the mode of thinking and behavior norms of the Chinese nation as important components of national psychology, and national character. Combined with the practical needs of modern moral personality education on the essence of creative transformation, the glory of pre-Qin Confucian ideal personality full of new, for the establishment and improvement of citizen’s moral education theory with Chinese characteristics, and guiding personality cultivation practice is of great significance.Main content of this paper is divided into the following sections:part one analyze the back ground and humanity basis of the pre-Qin Confucian ideal personality from aspects like Social and economic infrastructure, the rise of the "human spirit" and different points about human nature. The second part of the paper discussed Confucius, Mencius, Xun Zi thinkers such as a gentleman personality and the definition of the saint personality and pursuit firstly, from a gentleman ideal and Saint ideal analysis of two aspects of the Pre-Qin Confucian ideal personality goal design. Second, it illustrates the main accomplishment of the ideal personality:learn both think; Maintain the state of mind and the goodness; sacred heart and Sincerity; knowing-acting unity. The third section focuses on the modern value of the Pre-Qin Confucian ideal of personality, Modern moral personality education should not only draw lessons from the unremitting self-improvement spirit,"everyone is responsible for his country" patriotic,"the justice system to benefit the value orientation of,"do not do to others," the golden rule, the reasonable content of Pre-Qin Confucian ideal personality, but also should draw lessons from Pre-Qin Confucian ideal personality cultivation method:adhere to moral education first and character for the combination, adhere to the legal heteronomy and self-discipline, adhere to the moral requirements of universality and advanced combined, adhere to the combination of moral cognition and moral practice.更多还原