【作者】 蔡兆鑫；

【导师】 周毓荃；

【作者基本信息】 南京信息工程大学 ， 大气物理与大气环境， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在发展的云系中找出合适的云降水结构是人工影响天气成功的关键,卫星、雷达和飞机等是分析云宏微观结构和作业条件及效果的主要手段,然而各种观测各有优缺点,人工增雨作业的条件监测识别和效果分析都十分困难。如何结合卫星雷达等遥感手段和飞机观测资料,对综合分析云的宏微观结构特征,研究人工增雨作业条件和播云效果十分重要,也是提高人影作业科学水平的关键。本文利用2009年4月18日和2010年4月20日两次人工增雨外场试验,综合利用卫星、雷达、加密探空、雨量及飞机云物理等观测,分析了播云前后云系宏微观结构特征以及地面降雨量的变化。主要结果有：1)2009年4月18日张家口地区的降水云系为积层混合云,云中过冷水丰沛,具有很好的可播性,强可播区占作业云体的主要部分；云的可播性与雷达回波有一定的对应关系,C波段雷达回波的强弱与降水粒子谱呈现较好的相关性,与云滴谱相关性相对较弱；播云作业过后,云中小云粒子浓度减少,大云粒子和降水粒子浓度增加,雷达回波的相应位置出现亮带；作业影响区和对比区的雨量对比分析显示,作业过后近三小时内降水增加。2)2010年4月20日山西地区的降水云系为典型的层状云降水,云顶高度约为8km,云中过冷水含量不高,可播性较差,大值区域主要集中在2500m-4500m高度上,大云粒子的直径随着高度的增加而增大；水平分布上,各种粒子大小分布较均匀,浓度略有起伏,且降水粒子浓度大值区对应的小云粒子浓度较低,而其浓度低值区对应的小云粒子浓度较高,此次降水的主要成因可能为冰水转换机制。作业过后,云顶高度有降低趋势,雷达回波整体变化并不明显,降水略有增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 Finding the right cloud precipitation microphysical characteristics in growing cloud is the key point of weather modification, satellite, radar and plane are the major ways to research into cloud macro and micro structure,however, every observation way has its advantages and disadvantages, the condition monitoring and effect analysis of artificial precipitation are very hard.. So, how to combine remote sensing methods,such as satellite and radar, and plane observation data, is very important to comprehensively analyze cloud macro and micro structure characteristics, which is also the key to improve the science level of weather modification.Combining the observations of satellite, radar, intensive air sounding, rainfall and plane cloud physics, the paper make a research on two artificial precipitation field experiments, which are operated on thel8th,April,2009and the20th,April,2010respectly. After analyzing cloud macro and micro structure characteristics and the change of ground precipitation before and after cloud seeding. The main results conclude as follows:1) The precipitation cloud of20th, April,2010, which happened in Zhang jiakou, Hebei province, is convective-stratiform mixed clouds with large amount of super-cooled liquid water, and is very suitable to be seeded. During the seeding event, the regions which are suitable to seed are the main part of operated clouds. There’s some corresponding relationship between the cloud seeding ability and radar echoes. The intensity of C-band radar echoes is in good relationship with precipitation particle spectrum, but in weak relativity of cloud particle spectrum. After seeding, the concentration of small-particle decreased, while large cloud droplets and raindrops concentration increased, and radar echo showed a bright band in the relevant position. Comparison analysis of target zone with control areas, it shows that rainfall increased in about three hours after seeding. 2)The precipitation cloud of Shanxi district.20th,April,2010,is typical stratiform cloud precipitation, the cloud top is about at the height of8km, liquid water content in cloud is not high.and the seedable is not very well, the area with maximum value mainly focus on the height of2500km to4500km. The diameters of big cloud particles rise with height; However, it shows a uniform particle distribution in horizontal,, the density has slightly ups and downs.What’s more, the maximum value area of precipitation particles corresponding to the low density of small cloud particles, but its low density area corresponding to high density small cloud particles. This precipitation case may be triggered by the ice-water switching mechanism. After the operation, the cloud top has the tendency to lower, the overall change of radar echo is not obvious, and the precipitation increases slightly.更多还原