【作者】 潘一晨；

【导师】 王艳；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳师范大学 ， 生物化学与分子生物学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着能源危机和环境污染问题的加剧，开发和利用清洁的、可持续的新能源已成为科学议题，某些高大的禾本科草类植物作为能源植物及其有效利用方面的研究已经成为重点。本研究针对辽宁省的禾本科野生植物资源开展了能源禾草的初步筛选，对其生长指标和热值进行了探讨，并利用酸水解技术对生物质糖化开展初步探索。本研究调查了辽宁省的一些野生禾草，选择了各项指标良好的芦苇、狼尾草、芒、羊草、拂子茅和野古草这6种禾草引种到试验园进行统一栽培，测定其在6～9月间的株高、叶长及叶宽的日平均生长速度，分蘖情况和生物量。研究发现，芒的株高、叶长日平均生长速度快，分蘖多，生物量大。对6种禾草的净光合速率以及荧光效率的研究表明，芒光补偿点低、光饱和点高，具有较高的净光合速率和荧光效率，其表观光量子效率和水分利用效率也高于其他禾草。说明芒能够高效地吸收并利用太阳能并转换为化学能，生长速度快，能迅速积累有机物，生产力高。6种禾草的植株经自然风干后，研究了其植株及与煤混燃的热值，结果表明芒具有较高的干重热值，其以5%和10%的比例与煤混燃时，燃烧热值差异不显著，可以扩大其生物质在煤中的混合比例，应用价值更高。鉴于芒的生理、生长效率及产量和热值方面的优良特性，对芒进行了糖化水解研究，以期为芒的进一步利用提供基础。研究采用了硫酸水解处理法，探讨了两段水解工艺，即浓酸催化与稀酸水解的效果。采用单因素正交试验，研究了酸处理最佳水解条件。浓硫酸水解最佳条件为酸固比15:1，酸浓度60%，水解时间30min，水解温度60℃，此时总糖收率为31.64%。最佳稀酸水解条件为酸固比160:1，酸浓度6%，水解时间120min，水解温度160℃，总糖收率为25.47%。将两段水解最佳实验条件综合，首先采用浓酸最佳水解条件对纤维素原料进行水解，之后酸浓度稀释至6%，按稀酸最佳水解条件进行再次水解得总糖收率为36.78%，是浓硫酸水解的1.16倍，稀硫酸水解的1.46倍。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the intensification of the energy crisis and environmental pollution, todevelop and utilize clean and sustainable energy has become an important scientificissue. The research of some tall Gramineous grasses as energy plant and theireffective utilization has been dvoted much attention in many countries.An initial selecting of wild gramineous plant resources in Liaoning Province asenergy plant was carried out in this study. Six kinds of Gramineous grasses with goodcharacters were selected and introduced to Plant Garden of Shenyang NormalUniversity to compare their performance under the same condition. The growthindexes, photosynthetic characteristics and relative indexes, calorific value of the sixkinds of grasses were measured.The study found that the Missanthus sinensis could develope more tillers. Itsaverage daily growth rate of plant height, leaf length was the fastest among thegrasses. It had large biomass just as in wild environment. The net photosynthetic rateand the fluorescence efficiency for the six kinds of grasses had shown that theMissanthus sinensis had a high net photosynthetic rate and fluorescence efficiency.The apparent quantum efficiency, water using efficiency and light saturation point ofMissanthus sinensis were higher than other grasses. All the results showed thatMissanthus sinensis could efficiently use solar energy and this was the physiologicalmechanism of its growth charaters.Calorific values of the six kinds of grasses were determined. The results showedthat Missanthus sinensis had the highest caloric values and had significant differencecompared with other grasses. The suitable mixed combustion propotion with coal was5%.The performance of Missanthus sinensis showed it was a hopful energy grass andit should be studied further. Missanthus were treated by dense acid catalyst and diluteacid hydrolysis. The effect of two-stage acid hydrolysis technology was alsoevaluated. The optimized sulphuric acid hydrolysis conditions were established bysingle factor orthogonal experiment.Dense acid hydrolysis conditions were optimized as follows: acid centration isin 60% and temperature at 60℃for 30 minutes, the ratio of acid-solid is 15:1; the yield of total sugars was reaehed 32%. Dilute acid hydrolysis conditions wereptimized as follows: acid centration was in 6 % and temperature at 160℃for 120minutes，the ratio of acid-solid was 160:1; the yield of total sugars was reaehed over25%.Synthesize two-stage acid hydrolysis optimal conditions, the cellulose materialswas first hydrolyzed by the dense acid hydrolysis optimal conditions, and then theacid concentration was diluted to 6% , the cellulose materials was optimized underdilute acid hydrolysis optimal conditions, the yield of total sugars reaehed over37 %.This was 1.16 times of dense sulfuric acid hydrolysis and 1.46 times of dilutesulfuric acid hydrolysis.更多还原