【作者】 张航；

【导师】 徐卫东；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 股东和债权人是与公司密切相关的两类利益群体，保护债权人的利益是我国公司法的立法目的之一。随着我国公司法改革研究的深入，如何防止公司控制人滥用权利，如何保护公司弱势利益群体的利益，维护法律正义，提高公司公信力及强化法律保护效力日益引起法学界的关注。因为它不仅仅关系到公司债权人的利益问题，而且涉及到整个社会市场交易秩序和市场信用的问题。处于局外人地位的公司债权人，特别是普通债权人在公司法律制度中处于最弱势地位，所以，笔者认为公司债权人保护制度应该贯穿于公司成立、运营、结算的始终。公司债权人包括可转换债债权人和不可转换债的债权人，两者与股东有着不同的法律地位，受到的法律保护也不相同，总体来说，公司债权人处于一种弱势的地位，股东享有公司的各项权利，而公司债权人的权利却不是很充分，因此在现实中，经常出现公司债权人的利益得不到保护的现象。新的公司法必须给予更具可操作性的更强有力的保护，这在我国公司法有关保护债权人利益的具体条款中体现得比较明显，但是就整体公司法而言，对公司债权人的保护仍然显得不足。本文从研究公司债权人保护的法理基础入手，结合对国际上具有代表性的国家对公司债权人保护的比较分析，较具体地分析了我国现行法律对公司债权人的保护现状，指出了其存在的缺陷，同时有选择地借鉴国外对债权人保护理论实务研究的成果，并着重提出了如何去完善对公司债权人的法律保护制度。在传统的公司法中，对于债权人的保护主要是依靠公司自身的资本制度，法定的资本制度对债权人的利益保护方面在公司法制定之初确实做到了较为可靠和稳定的保护。而随着公司法律制度的不断发展以及学术界对公司法的不断检讨，公司资本从最初的僵硬性慢慢体现为现在的变动性。本论文主要分四大部分，首先简要概述公司债权人保护的法理基础，对债权人相关概念的阐释及地位进行剖析，对公司债权人保护的必要性，以及我国公司债权人保护的现状做简要介绍。第二部分对域外债权人保护学说及制度进行了比较分析，以英美法系、大陆法系中具有代表性的国家为例，论述了国际上公司债权人保护制度的运行情况，如美国“揭穿公司面纱”理论、英国的“揭破法人面罩制度”、德国“直所责任”理论、日本“法人格否认”理论，笔者认为我国需要借鉴他山之石，吸取他国丰富的经验和成果，探索新领域，尽快完善尚未成熟的公司债权人保护制度。第三部分从公司债权人保护制度产生发展的社会经济背景、公司债权人保护制度的意义等方面论述了我国公司债权人保护的现状。第四部分通过对我国公司债权人保护制度的缺陷的分析，对完善公司债权人的法律保护制度进行探讨，在完善我国公司债权人保护制度的过程中，必须坚持理论联系实际的方法，既要加强理论研究，进行理论创新，又要重视我国的具体国情，不能脱离我国实际情况。我们要在分析、研究和吸收国外理论的基础上，结合我国公司债权人保护的司法实践进行理论再创新，使我国的公司法法律制度臻于完善，形成具有中国特色的公司债权人保护制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shareholders and creditors of the two closely related groups in the interests ofthe company, protecting the interests of creditors is one of the legislative purposes ofthe Law in China. With the deepening of China’s Company Law Reform, and how toprevent corporate control of abuse of rights, how to protect the interests of thedisadvantaged interest groups, the maintenance of law and justice, enhance thecompany credibility and strengthen the effectiveness of the protection of the lawincreasingly attracted the attention of the legal community. Because it is not onlyrelated to the interests of the creditors of the company, but also involves the problemof the social market trading order and the credit market. Creditors of the company,especially in the outsider status of ordinary creditors in the most disadvantagedposition in the corporate legal system, so, I believe that the company’s creditorprotection system should be run through the establishment of the company operations,settlement is always. Creditors of the company, including convertible debt creditorcreditors and non-convertible debt, the two shareholders have different legal status,subject to legal protection is not the same; generally speaking, the creditors of thecompany in a vulnerable position, shareholders enjoy the company. of rights and therights of creditors of the company is not very good, in reality, often the interests of thecreditors of the company are not protected. The new company law must be givenstronger protection of more operational, this is obviously reflected in the specificprovisions on the protection of the interests of creditors in China’s Company Law, butoverall the Companies Act, the protection of creditors of the company is stillinadequate. The protection of creditors from the research firm legal basis, this paper,combined with comparative analysis of the representative countries in theinternational protection of creditors of the company, more specific analysis of China’sexisting laws on the conservation status of the creditors of the company, pointing outits flaws, at the same time have a choice to learn from foreign creditor protection theory of practical research results, and focus on how to improve the system of legalprotection of creditors of the company. Traditional company law for the protection ofcreditors mainly rely on the company’s own capital system, the statutory capitalsystem protection of the interests of creditors and are done in the beginning of theCompanies Act to develop a more reliable and stable protection. With the continuousdevelopment of the corporate legal system, as well as academia Companies Actreview, the company’s capital from the initial rigidity of slowly reflected in thechanges now.This thesis is divided into four parts, first a brief overview of the legal basis ofthe company’s creditor protection, to analyze the creditors related to interpretation ofthe concept and status, the need for the protection of creditors of the company, as wellas a brief introduction to the status quo of China’s protection of creditors of thecompany. Extraterritorial creditor protection doctrines and systems for the second partof the comparative analysis to the common law, representative national civil lawsystems, for example, discusses the operation of the international system of protectionof creditors of the company, such as the United States "to expose the corporate veil"theory, the United Kingdom," exposed the corporate mask system ", German" directthe responsibility,"Theory, Japan," France personality deny "theory, I think Chinaneeds to learn from the stone hills, draw his country’s rich experience andachievements, and explore new areas, perfect yet mature company protection from itscreditors as soon as possible. Development from the company’s creditor protectionsystem in the third part of the socio-economic background, the significance of thecompany’s creditor protection system, discusses the status of creditor protection inChina. The fourth part of the analysis of defects on the system of protection ofcreditors of the company in China, to improve the system of legal protection ofcreditors of the company to explore in the process of improving the protection systemof China’s Companies’ Creditors must adhere to the theory with practice, it isnecessary to strengthen theoretical study theoretical innovation, but also attachimportance to China’s specific national conditions, and cannot be divorced from theactual situation in China. In the analysis, study and absorb foreign theory on the basisof judicial practice, combined with the protection of creditors of the company in China to carry out theoretical innovation, China’s Company Law legal systemperfected to form a company creditor protection system with Chinese characteristics.更多还原