【作者】 夏铭锋；

【导师】 吕全军； 张丁；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 公共卫生， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 目的了解河南沈丘县HIV感染者和AIDS患者的营养现状和营养需求,为进一步实施营养干预收集基线资料。方法按随机化原则从健康者(采用血清检测方法筛选未受HIV感染)、HIV感染者和AIDS患者,抽取正常对照组30人、HIV感染者40人和AIDS患者组44人,共计114人。对各组被调查者进行营养状况问卷调查、体格测试和实验室检测,采用统计软件分析比较各组人群的膳食营养素摄入量,了解其膳食构成和健康状况。结果1.三组调查对象的食物摄入中,谷类和蛋类摄入达到《中国居民平衡膳食宝塔》(2007)推荐量,水果、蔬菜、动物性食物、豆类摄入低于推荐量,正常对照组每人每天奶类摄入量仅为10g左右,而HIV感染组和AIDS患者组没有饮奶。2.三组调查对象的脂肪摄入不足,且脂肪供能占总能量的不足20%；蛋白质摄入量满足正常推荐量,但其中超过85%来自植物性食物。3.三组调查对象每日人均维生素A、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素E摄入量严重不足,分别只占推荐摄入量(RNI)的30%、50%、50%和60%。4.三组调查对象每日人均钙和锌的摄入量低于RNI的25%和65%。5.HIV感染组和AIDS患者组血浆钙水平低于正常对照组(P<0.05),AIDS患者组血浆锌水平低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论1.三组调查对象的膳食结构均不合理,除谷类和蛋类,其他食物的摄入量,尤其是奶类均不足。2.HIV感染组和AIDS患者组的能量、碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质摄入不足。3.三组调查对象的维生素和矿物质存在不同程度的摄入不足。4.HIV感染组和AIDS患者组血中常量元素钙和微量元素锌下降。更多还原

【Abstract】 ObjectiveTo investigate the nutritional status and needs among individuals infected by HIV and AIDS patients to provide the evidence for further nutritional intervention study.MethodsThe healthy people came from people who were not affected by HIV screened through serum test. A total of30healthy people aged30～60years old were randomly selected as the control group, and40individuals with HIV infection and44AIDS patients were randomly selected as HIV infection group and AIDS patient group respectively. Dietary survey, physical examination and laboratory test of the subjects were carried out. The ANOVA were performed to compare the difference among three groups by use of SPSS12.0. The statistics standard was a=0.05.Results1. The amount of cereal and eggs reached the level recommended in "the dietary guideline and Dietary Pagoda for Chinese Resident in2007", while the intake of the other food, especially milk, were insufficient. The HIV and AIDS patients did not intake milk.2. The fat intake of the subjects in three groups was not enough, which could not meet20%of the total of energy; the protein intake of the subjects in three groups met the normal need, but more than85%of it came from plant food.3. The daily intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B2, and vitamin E were less than30%,50%,50%, and65%of recommended nutrients intake (RNI) respectively.4. The daily consumption of calcium and zinc of the subjects in three groups were less than25%RNI and65%RNI respectively. 5. The serum calcium levels of subjects in HIV and AIDS groups were lower than that in control group(P<0.05); and the serum zinc levels of subjects in AIDS group was lower than that in control group(P<0.05), too.Conclusions1. The dietary structure of the subjects in three groups was not suitable, and the intake of milk should be increased.2. The total energy of the subjects in HIV and AIDS groups was not enough, which should be reasonably increased.3. The daily intake of vitamin and mineral of the subjects was insufficient, which could be supplied by vegetable and fruit and some animal food.4. The serum calcium and zinc levels of subjects in AIDS groups and the serum calcium level in HIV group were seriously lower than that in control group.更多还原