【作者】 霍思元；

【导师】 邱正伦；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 美术学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 满族是中国作为一个历史悠久的多民族国家的重要组成部分,满族吉祥图案是满族民族心理的重要艺术载体,同时也是中国民族艺术不容忽视的艺术形式之一。本文选取满族吉祥图案这一为普通民众喜闻乐见和约定俗成的大众文化符号,探讨其民族、民俗文化中具有强大生命力的文化基因和审美价值,并通过探讨其在触碰到现代都市文化语境所呈现出的美学特征和民族心理的转变,为现代民族艺术的传承和都市人群的审美困惑提供一定的理论参考,并有利于我们更好、更准确、更健康地利用满族吉祥图案为我们的生活服务。全文共分为四个章。第一章绪论部分是对本文的选题缘由、选题意义、研究思路和研究方法的简略阐述,同时对全文涉及的主要概念和文献进行了综合梳理。第二章是对满族吉祥图案的审美特征及流变趋势的深入研究与总结,通过对来源于田野考察和复议文献的丰富材料的整理与归纳,运用比较分析法对不同类型的满族吉祥图案以及汉族吉祥图案的横向比较,同时对传统满族吉祥图案与现代语境中的满族吉祥图案的纵向比较,从驱邪禳灾的图腾崇拜、独具一格的民族性格和民俗生活的幸福展演三个层面对满族吉祥图案形制粗犷浑然、线条流畅质朴、色彩丰富大胆、构图独具匠心等典型特征进行了归类与比较分析。从而总结出满族吉祥图案在现代都市语境下,由简入繁的造型流变、制作方式由手工趋向机械、象征义由神圣趋向大众、性质由祈福趋向商业、应用由普遍趋向局限的五种流变趋势。第三章是本文的重心所在,在满族吉祥图案的审美特征及流变趋势的研究基础上,深入阐释这种嬗变的成因所在。这一章主要通过两个维度进行讨论,一方面是都市文化发展和社会生活方式的现实语境,另一方面是在都市文化发展中的集体无意识和民族心理自我意识的弱化的主观语境。事实上就是从“客观成因”和“主观动因”的维度对满族吉祥图案的审美嬗变特征的成因进行探究。从而产生本文的第四章对审视民族艺术的现代审美传承和反思现代都市人群的审美困境中的现代都市文化审美的启示。通过本文的分析我们可以得到以下结论：(1)都市文化发展进程的逻辑趋势导致满族吉祥图案审美特征发展流变的必然性；(2)满族吉祥图案所蕴藏的民族文化与民族性格内涵是现代都市文化语境下民族艺术发展的根本动力；(3)影响满族吉祥图案审美嬗变的核心因素是民族集体无意识与民族审美自我意识的主体性建构；(4)针对满族吉祥图案审美特征的流变趋势成因,所进行的探究及其所得出的结论,有望为现代都市的民族艺术传承和审美困境提供相应的理性思考与价值启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Manchu is one of the most important part of China, which is a country of various peoples with a long history. Manchu fortune pattern is a major carrier of psychology of Manchu people. In the meantime, it is also a type of Chinese national art forms which can be ignored. This dissertation chooses Manchu fortune pattern, which is widely liked by normal people and also a symbol of popular culture, as a representative to discuss its vital cultural gene and aesthetic value in both ethnic and folk culture. This discussion is supposed to present the transmutation of the aesthetic particularity and ethnic psychology under modern urban cultural context, which aims to provide some reference for the heritage of ethnic art and some theory reference of the confusion of aesthetic of urban group of people. As such, Manchu fortune pattern can be used better, more exactly and more healthily for people’s life.The whole body of this dissertation is divided in for sections. The first section is introduction, which illustrates the reason for choosing this thesis, the meaning of it, research thinking and methods. In the meantime, this section explains the major concepts and references mentioned throughout the whole dissertation.The second section is deeply researches and concluded the transmutation of the aesthetic particularity and the trend of the development of Manchu fortune patterns. Through the research and argument about the variety materials of bibliography, this essay has analyzed three different types of Manchu fortune patterns. In that case, current situation of Manchu patterns in modern context is concluded. And five different change trends have been presented in the dissertation. The third section is the focus of the whole dissertation. Based on the research of aesthetic particularity of Manchu fortune patterns and its changing trend, this part illustrates the deep cause of this changing process. This part discusses this issue from two points of view. On the one hand, it discusses the context of the development of urban culture and modern lifestyle. On the other hand, it presents the reducing ethnic self-conscious and the collective unconsciousness during the development of urban culture. As a matter of fact, this part is trying to explore the cause of the changing of Manchu aesthetic particularity both objectively and subjectively. Based on this discussion, the essay presents the modern heritage of considering ethnic arts and reconsiders the urban inspiration of the aesthetic problems of modern people.Through the analyses in the whole essay, conclusions can be got as followed: 1) The necessity of logic of urban culture development leading to the change of aesthetic particularity of Manchu patterns.2) The ethnic character and culture are the elementary power of the development of ethnic arts under modern urban context.3) The core cause of the influence on the aesthetic particularity of Manchu patterns is the collective unconsciousness and ethnic self-consciousness.4) The analysis of cause of the changing of aesthetic of Manchu fortune patterns has come to the conclusion, which can provide some reasonable thinking and valuable inspiration for heritage of ethnic arts and aesthetic difficulties.更多还原