基于科学素质的高中通用技术教学设计研究

【作者】 郑明希；

【导师】 王广新；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 现代教育技术， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 经济的繁荣、国家的强大需要大量具备科学素质的公民和掌握科学技术的劳动者。当前我国公民的科学素质状况，成为了制约我国社会经济发展的一种重要因素，大力提高我国公民的科学素质迫在眉睫。提高全民科学素质是我国实施科教兴国战略和可持续发展战略的基础，是全面建设和谐社会和实现中华民族伟大复兴的保障。国民素质是决定国家竞争力的重要因素，而科学素质又是国民综合素质的重要组成部分。提高未成年人的科学素质显然是提高公民科学素质的关键。提高公民的科学素质，学校是提高科学素质的主阵地。学生是国家未来的公民，是国家潜在的人力资源。全体公民尤其是青少年科学素质的高低，决定着未来我国综合国力的强弱，因此，采用科学的方法培养青少年的科学精神、提升科学素质是社会发展对中小学教育提出的迫切要求。高中生是正在接受各门学科教育的一代，是社会未来的劳动者，也是进一步培养和提高科学素质的最佳群体。通用技术课程是高中学习中的重要科学课程，如何通过通用技术课程培养和提高高中生的科学素质显得尤为重要。本研究将解决高中通用技术以什么样的教学设计来培养和提高学生的科学素质问题，用“技术探究”的方法通过加强和充实技术演示实验，创设学习情境，激发科学技术兴趣；探究科学技术试验活动，感悟科学方法；注重名人轶事，培养科学精神；运用科学技术知识，处理实际问题等方式，引导学生培养和提高科学素质。课程改革的重要内容之一是学生探究能力的培养、学生学习方式的转变。将培养和提高学生的科学素质作为贯穿通用技术教学的核心目标，是我国正在推行的新课程改革的必然要求。通用技术是一门立足实践、注重创造、高度综合、科学与人文融合的课程，通过该课程的教学有利于培养和提高学生的科学素质。技术探究既是一种学习的内容，也是一种学习的方式。技术设计本身蕴藏着丰富的思想与方法，这些思想与方法对学生技术素质的提高和能力的发展具有重要的作用。技术是探究与创新的产物，蕴藏着丰富的探究与实验资源。教师的教学设计力求根据学校的教育实际，充分利用这些资源，为学生的创新精神和能力培养提供良好的学习平台。本研究提出的“以技术探究为中心”是通用技术教学设计以“技术探究”为主线，把新课程三维目标（即知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观）连贯起来，并将这三者整合在一起，相互促进，最终实现高中通用技术教学设计的核心目标——培养和提高学生的科学素质；强调“以技术探究为中心”的通用技术教学设计是以学生为中心的学习活动和过程；提出“以技术探究为中心”的高中通用技术教学设计流程：把通用技术知识内容分为理论性知识、操作实验（或实践）和“STS”（科学、技术与社会）三个方面，并按照“以技术探究为中心”的通用技术教学设计流程进行教学。在这几年的高中通用技术教学中，本人做了不少探索和改革的尝试，对如何在通用技术教学设计中培养和提高学生的科学素质进行了探索性的研究，使学生发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力、操作能力和创新能力都得到了提高，取得了良好的教学效果，也有效提高了学生的科学素质。更多还原

【Abstract】 The prosperity of economy, strong state need a lot of scientific literacy havecitizens and master the scientific technology laborer. The current our country citizenscience quality condition, become the restricting our social and economicdevelopment of a kind of important factors, improve the quality of our country citizenscience is imminent. To improve the scientific literacy is implementing the strategy ofreinvigorating China and the strategy of sustainable development foundation, is thecomprehensive construction harmonious society and realizing the great rejuvenationof the security. National quality is the important factor to national competitiveness,and scientific literacy is the national comprehensive quality of the importantcomponent.Improve the scientific literacy minors is obviously improve the quality of thecitizen science is key. Improve the quality of the science of citizens, the school is toimprove the quality of the science main position. Students are the future of ourcountry citizen, is the national potential human resources. All citizens especiallyteenagers scientific literacy height, the future depends on the strength of China’soverall strength, therefore, the scientific method of cultivating young teenagersscientific spirit, improve scientific literacy is the social development put forward forprimary and secondary school education the urgent requirement. High school studentsare receiving each subject is a generation of education, and is the social workers in thefuture, is also further training and improving the quality of the scientific best group.General technical course is an important science courses in the study of high school,how to through the general technology course to cultivate and improve the quality ofhigh school students of science is particularly important. This study will solve highschool general technology with what kind of the teaching design to cultivate andimprove students’ scientific literacy problems, with the method of "technical inquiry"by strengthening and full technology demonstration experiment and create a learningenvironment, stimulate interest in science and technology; Explore science technologytest activities and my thoughts scientific methods; Pay attention to celebrity anecdotes, cultivating scientific spirit; Use scientific and technical knowledge, processingmethods such as practical problems, and guide students to cultivate and improve thequality of the science.An important part of the curriculum reform is one of the students explore thecultivation of ability, change the way of students’ learning. To foster and improve thestudents’ scientific literacy as the core of the general technology throughout theteaching goal, is our country is carrying out the new course reform the requestinevitably. General technology is a basing on the practice, pay attention to create,highly integrated, science and humanity of the fusion of course, through the courseteaching to cultivate and improve students’ scientific literacy. Technology explore isnot only a kind of the content of study, is also a way of learning. Technology designitself is rich in ideas and methods, these thoughts and methods of student technologyto the improvement of the quality of the development of ability and plays animportant role. Technology is the product of the probe and innovation, rich in probeand experiment resources. The teacher’s teaching design tries to according to theschool education practice, make full use of these resources, for the students’innovation spirit and ability training to provide good learning platform.This study proposed "to the technology explore as the center" is generaltechnology teaching design with "technology explore" as the main line, the newcurriculum 3rd object (i.e. knowledge and skills, process and methods, attitudes andvalues) coherent rise, and will this 3 person together, to promote each other, andfinally achieve the general technical high school teaching design goal--the core ofcultivating and improving students’ scientific literacy; Emphasis on "to the technologyexplore as the center" the general technology teaching design is based on students asthe center of learning activities and process; Put forward "to the technology explore asthe center" the general technical high school teaching design process: the generaltechnical knowledge content into theoretical knowledge, operation experiment (orpractice) and "STS" (science, technology and society) three aspects, and inaccordance with the "technology explore as the center" the general technologyteaching design process are teaching. In the few years of high school general technology teaching, I did a lot ofexploration and trial of the reform, how to design teaching in technology in generalcultivating and improving students’ scientific literacy of the exploratory study, andmake students found that the problem, the ability to analyze and solve problems,operation ability and the innovation ability have improved, has obtained the goodteaching effect, also effectively improve the students’ scientific literacy.更多还原