节点文献
户用型离网光伏发电系统的研究与设计
Design and Research on Household Stand-alone Photovoltaic Generation System
【作者】 王思杰；
【导师】 惠晶；
【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2012， 硕士
【摘要】 随着化石能源不断消耗,人类将面临能源短缺,以及污染不断加重的问题。太阳能作为取之不尽、清洁干净的资源成为人类开发研究的热点,并已经取得了显著的效果。作为分布式发电的理想能源,户用型离网光伏发电系统非常适合为偏远地区居民提供日常用电。本文讨论了光伏发电系统的发展状况以及应用前景,对户用型离网光伏发电系统进行了研究与设计。本文以基于储能系统的离网型光伏发电系统为研究对象,阐述了户用型离网光伏发电的基本原理及其发展趋势。对光伏系统的最大功率追踪控制方法进行了分析。考虑到户用光伏系统的运行环境比较复杂,针对遮阴状态下传统最大功率点跟踪(Max Power point Tracking, MPPT)控制方法易陷入局部极值的问题,设计了带有粒子淘汰环节的改进型粒子群算法MPPT控制策略。通过仿真和实验研究了新算法的追踪性能,得出使用改进后的MPPT算法可以防止系统陷入局部极值并有效提高追踪效率的结论。本文通过对超级电容和铅酸蓄电池两种储能器件进行性能分析,借鉴前人针对两种器件的混合储能系统的研究成果,提出改进型超级电容/蓄电池混合储能系统。实验表明,使用新的储能系统可以降低系统电压波动,并明显减少蓄电池充放电循环次数,从而延长了蓄电池的寿命。文章给出了光伏系统的总体结构设计,MPPT控制框图,混合储能系统充电控制框图等,对电源模块、信号采集模块、驱动电路的设计和保护电路进行了研究设计,并给出了相应的仿真实验波形。
【Abstract】 With the developing of the global economic, energy and pollution problem is becoming increasingly acute. As the renewable energy resources which are inexhaustible and definitely clean, solar power is being paid more and more attention by lots of countries. The stand-alone photovoltaic system is considered properly to provide the power to the people who live far away from the city. In this paper, the development situation and the application prospect are discussed, and the whole stand-alone photovoltaic system is designed.In this paper, the basic principle of stand-alone photovoltaic system is introduced. And the characteristic and difference with the methods of maximum power point tracking is researched. As is known, all kinds of things stand around our house such as trees and wire pole. Solar array shaded by those tall things is not unusual. Under this condition, the traditional methods of MPPT control are no longer efficient. To solve this problem, the MPPT methods based on improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm is designed. Through the simulation and practice, it is demonstrated that new methods of MPPT can improve the velocity and efficiency of the system.Based on the analysis of Lead acid battery and super capacitor, a control principle of hybrid energy storage system is brought up. As is proved thought the practice, new principle reduces the cycle number of Lead acid battery, and extends its life.In this paper, structure of PV system, controlling flow of MPPT, controlling block of hybrid energy storage system is designed, and DC module, signal acquisition module, driving circuit and protecting circuit is designed. At last, the experimental waveforms are given.