【作者】 赵晨旭；

【导师】 吴怡之；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)作为新兴的网络测控技术,正在逐步扩展应用于各行各业。工业监控领域由于环境复杂,传统有线网络在组网时需要布线,在很大程度上限制了网络的扩展和结构的灵活变化,而利用无线传感器网络技术可以以较低的投资和使用成本实现对生产全流程的远程监测与控制,获取传统由于客观原因无法在线监测的重要生产数据,极大地扩展现有工业网络的功能。本文以提高工业监控无线传感器网络节点能量利用率为目的,对经典汇聚树协议(Collection Tree Protocol, CTP)进行改进,提出了均衡汇聚树模型,定义了节点均衡度,引入“规避繁忙节点接入”机制,设计并实现了具有负载均衡功能的汇聚树路由算法LB-CTP(Load Balance Collection Tree Protocol),经过仿真评估,证明其性能达到了研究目标。并针对工业监控传感器网络的节点功能需求,设计了一种基于分离器件的传感器节点功放改进方案,经过ADS仿真证明方案的可行性。首先,调研了工业监控网络和无线传感器网络的研究现状,分析工业监控无线传感器网络的结构、特点和现状。提出了工业监控无线传感器网络负载均衡路由协议的需求和无线传感器节点功放优化的需求。并进一步调研了无线传感器网络负载均衡路由协议的研究现状,为文章后面的深入研究打下了基础。其次,针对WSN多对一数据传输模式的特点,以均衡负载为目标,建立了均衡汇聚树模型,定义均衡阈值区间,引入“规避繁忙节点接入”机制,改进CTP协议,提出LB-CTP路由方案,在路由建立阶段,建立均衡路由,保证关键节点能耗均衡。理论研究的基础上,基于TinyOS操作系统,用NesC语言编写LB-CTP协议的相关代码,通过TOSSIM平台仿真,对COV(Coefficient of Variation)和节点发射功耗随时间的变化进行了分析,结果表明,与CTP协议相比,LB-CTP协议在保证网络数据传输可靠性的同时,有效改善了WSN节点数据传输的负载均衡性。LB-CTP协议可部署在相应的传感器节点上,对实际系统的开发和设计起一定的指导作用。再次,针对工业监控传感器网络的节点功能需求,以现有无线传感器节点的电路为基础,设计了一种通过增大发射信号功率、提高接收信号灵敏度来增加系统传输距离的方法。使用ADS软件对功放系统的各个部分进行仿真与性能优化,从而得出一种有效的解决方案,并对仿真结果进行了分析和总结。对实际传感器节点的设计起到一定的指导作用。最后,提出了工业印染企业能源管理系统,并对其进行分析。设计了基于无线传感器网络的印染企业能耗数据采集方案,详细地论述了网络总体设计、物理层设计、链路层设计、路由层设计、数据采集传感器的类型和传感器节点车间现场的布局。基于CC2430和TinyOS平台,搭建了无线数据采集系统,研究了在真实传感器节点上搭建实测网络的设计思路及具体实现结果。论文的研究成果为无线传感器网络在工业监控中的应用研究打下了一定的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an international concern hot edge multidisciplinary research. The major traditional industrial control wiring using a wired network is not flexible, seriously affected by the environment, cable maintenance cost defects. Therefore, compared with traditional wired networks, industrial monitoring network based on wireless sensor network has some strong advantages.In order to improve the energy efficiency of the industrial monitoring WSN, an improved collection tree protocol (CTP) basing on complete-balanced collection tree, called LB-CTP (Load Balance Collection Tree Protocol), is proposed, in which node balance level and "busy node access avoidance" mechanisms are defined. In order to share the burden of the busy nodes, the related nodes access to network according to LB-CTP routing algorithm in the routing setup stage. To meet the node functional requirements of the industrial monitoring WSN, a power amplifier scheme based on separation device of WSN node is designed. Then, the feasibility of the design scheme is proved through the ADS (Agilent Technologies) simulation.First, a literature review is given on research status of industrial monitoring, followed by analysis of the current research status in wireless sensor network protocols. Then analyse the functional requirements of the industrial monitoring WSN. Further, give a literature review on research of load balance to the current status for WSN routing protocol.Then, to meet the requirement of energy consumption balance between nodes for WSN, an improved collection tree protocol LB-CTP is proposed, in which node balance level and "busy node access avoidance" mechanisms are defined. In order to share the burden of the busy nodes, the related nodes access to network according to LB-CTP routing algorithm in the routing setup stage. To evaluate the algorithm, the LB-CTP is implemented on the TinyOS and runs on TOSSIM simulation platform. The results show that LB-CTP can balance network load of WSN more effectively comparing with CTP.Subsequently, in order to increase the transmission distance of the node for WSN, a power amplifier scheme of the node for WSN is designed, the scheme improve the node by increasing the power of radio frequency and the sensitivity of received signal. Then, the feasibility of the design scheme is proved through the ADS simulation.Finally, the industrial printing and dyeing enterprise energy management system is proposed. A WSN data acquisition system of the industrial printing and dyeing enterprise energy management system is designed. Further, the design of physical network、link layer、routing、types of the sensors and positions of the sensor nodes are given. At last, a wireless data acquisition system based on CC2430 and TinyOS platform with the LB-CTP routing algorithm is builded to achieve the actual operation of the network, collecting and monitoring.The achievements in the thesis will be the basis for development of industrial monitoring wireless sensor network in industrial field.更多还原