【作者】 肖寒；

【导师】 李光禄；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国机动车保有量急速增长,截止2011年2月底,全国机动车保有量达到2.11亿辆。我国机动车污染控制水平低、单车污染高、燃油质量差、交通状况差,机动车尾气污染问题日益突出,在许多城市,机动车尾气已经成为大气污染的主要污染源,机动车尾气污染防治已经刻不容缓。加强机动车尾气污染法律规制,有助于减少大气污染,推动我国环保事业不断向前发展。目前,我国已经初步建立起包括法律、法规、规章、标准等在内的规制机动车尾气污染的环境法体系,并探索出一系列防治机动车尾气污染的具体制度。根据这些制度的主要手段的性质,可以分为监督管理制度和经济刺激制度。它们是通过立法形成的有关防治机动车尾气污染的规则、程序和保障措施,是机动车尾气污染环境法规制的主要内容。监督管理制度主要包括机动车生产阶段的机动车产品环保准入制度、环保型式核准制度、环保生产一致性监督管理制度,机动车使用阶段的在用车符合性检查制度、检查/维护制度、环保定期检验机构委托制度、环保检验合格标志管理制度,以及针对油料的管理制度。经济刺激制度主要包括税收和补贴,具体来讲,包括机动车购置环节的消费税、购置税、节能与新能源汽车补助与补贴以及机动车使用和更新环节的车船税、燃油税和黄标车报废补贴。本文主要对机动车尾气污染的环境法规制进行梳理,介绍相关法律制度的发展历程及实施效果,评析其中不足,从机动车尾气污染环境法体系、监督管理制度、经济刺激制度等方面提出完善建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, vehicle possessing quantity increases rapidly in China, which has reached to 211 million by the end of February 2011. However, the capability of solving the pollutions aroused by these vehicles is deemed to be limited, and there are many other issues such as serious pollution from single vehicle, poor quality of petrol and bad conditions of transport, which all give rise to the serious air pollution. In addition, vehicle exhaust has become even the main reason of air pollution in many cities. Therefore, it will be urgent to find out effective ways to deal with these issues. For example, reinforcing certain legislations to keep vehicle exhaust in a relatively low level could be a valid method for reducing air pollution to, and encourage the improvement of environment protection in China.Currently, China has established a primary legal system which includes laws, legislations, regulations and standards regarding the issue of vehicle exhaust. In addition, a series of detailed solutions also have been pursued. However, there are still many issues need to be addressed although these legal principles and constitutions act as an effective and crucial role in preventing and solving the pollutions aroused by vehicle exhaust. The main concern of this article is to clarify the legal provisions of this issue, introduce the process and influence of these legislations, and illustrate their shortages based on reasonable assessments in order to qualify the current legal system and contribute on solving the issues.更多还原