【作者】 付娅琦；

【导师】 李保谦；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代农业生产生活中,为提高生产效率,人们越来越注重农业装备智能化与机械化的设计要求。而在设计粮食收割机,粮食干燥与气力输送设备,复式脱粒机以及清选机的分离与清选装置时,物料的悬浮速度是一个重要的设计参数,所以它的准确测定显得尤为重要。在现今研究的基础上,本文选用索尼公司生产的一款高速高分辨率低暗电流面阵CCD ICX085AL,设计了此套基于单片机为主控制单元的高速图像采集系统。该系统选用C8051F000与XC9536作为驱动面阵CCD与信号处理器ADS8320的时序发生器,实现了面阵CCD输出模拟信号的高速转换,并通过USB接口将数据传送到计算机进行存储并显示、反馈、控制,实现农业物料位置信息的实时监测,从而设计出能够计算其悬浮速度的一整套智能控制系统。本套系统选用ICX085AL面阵CCD代替了TCD1001P线阵CCD,相较线阵CCD而言:1)实现了较高分辨率的动态检测,不仅能检测物料颗粒在锥形筒里的通过状态,而且能够实时检测到物料颗粒在同一时间点上的位置信息,同时捕获到其相对稳定的悬浮状态,实现其精确定位。2)采用行间转移方式,不仅仅提高了光电转换效率,而且成功消除了拖尾现象,使得采集到的物料位置信息的准确度与实时性都相应提高。3)对于物料成像时的重叠以及同一种物料悬浮时的分布状态,利用此图像传感器采集相应的图像信息进行灰度直方图与二值化处理,从而在一定程度上得到解决;尤其是在后期的图像处理方面,面阵CCD较线阵CCD而言显示了其巨大的优势;与此同时,用单片机与CPLD相结合的控制单元,产生驱动CCD的时序脉冲,消除了单片机无法产生高频信号的弊端,实现了面阵CCD的正确驱动。本套智能测试装置的完美实现还要牵涉到相应的计算机控制技术,通过人机交互系统,实现自动闭环控制。该系统经改进后,不但可以广泛应用于粮食加工、除尘、清选等企业,为其提供必须的物料悬浮速度,而且还可以用于教学和科研工作,与此同时,物料悬浮速度的测定更加精确,并能够在一定程度上指导农业生产,对于农业装备的智能化方向研究具有指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve production efficiency, more people put emphasis upon design requirements of agricultural equipment in terms of mechanized and intelligence. Grain suspension velocity is a very important design parameter when grain harvesters, grain drying and pneumatic conveying equipment, double threshers and cleaning plant are considered to design. Hence, it is particularly important to be sure the exactly value of grain suspension velocity.This paper selects a kind of CCD sensor ICX085AL produced by Sony, which is considered to be area array, high speed, high resolution and low dark current. High-speed image acquisition system is designed based on single chip and the present research. Both single chip C8051F000 and CPLD XC9536 are selected and put to drive area array CCD and signal processor ADS8320, all of which realize high-speed conversion between digital signal and analog signal output by CCD. Finally, the computer storage and display the dates that through USB interface and also feedback information and control the loop. This kind of intelligent controlling system can realize the grain suspension velocity on real-time monitoring.This set of system chooses array CCD ICX085AL instead of linear CCD TCD1001P, compared with linear CCD, there are three important reasons for this choice.1) This system realize dynamic test of higher resolution ratio. This set not only detect the state of materials particles in the tapered tube, but also detect the location information whether materials particles can be in the same point position at the real-time, Meanwhile captures its relatively stable state of suspension, which realize accurate positioning.2) This sensor adopts rows move mode. It not only can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, but also can eliminate the trailing phenomenon successfully. It makes an increase on the accuracy and real-time about material position information.3) It relates to the overlap imaging materials particles and a suspension of distribution state of the same kind of materials particlesl. It is necessary to use the image sensor acquisition corresponding image information with gray histogram binary processing, thus to a certain extent this problem solved. Especially in the late image processing, the array CCD compare with the linear, It shows a huge advantage. Meanwhile, the control cells combined MCU with CPLD produce the temporal pulse which drives CCD and eliminate disadvantages of being unable to produce high frequency signals only with MCU. All of these realize the correct driver of array CCD.This perfect realization of intelligent test device even involves corresponding computer control technology, which realizes the automatic closed-loop control through the human-computer interaction system. This improvement system provide the necessary grain suspension velocity can be widely used in food processing, dusting and clear choose enterprises, teaching and research work etc. Meanwhile, grain suspension velocity is more accurate, and in a certain extent it can guide agricultural production. All of this study has a guiding significance of research direction of agricultural intelligent equipment.更多还原