【作者】 阳思；

【导师】 马寿峰；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着道路上重型车辆的增加,交通研究领域对大型车辆的运输特性给予了越来越多关注与研究。但是在微观交通流仿真领域还没有对大型车辆的转弯特性以及由此对周边交通流的影响做进一步细分、研究和仿真。本文首先介绍了国内外对大型车辆的行驶特性的研究,其中包括车辆的跟驰特性、超车特性和驾驶员的心理特性等;其次介绍了近年来研究领域对重型拖挂车转弯特性的分析,包括车辆转弯时可能发生的甩尾、倾翻、侧滑等情况,以及对这些情况的计算机仿真;并系统地介绍了元胞自动机的基本理论,对单细胞、多细胞、多车道及城市交通流的元胞自动机模型进行了综述分析与总结。本文重点分析了重型拖挂车在弯道行驶时的受力情况,推导出在车辆正常行驶和发生甩尾情况下车轮的行驶轨迹。建立了驾驶员决策模型,设计了状态感知向量及分量取值条件,以便驾驶员能够对当前交通状况和外界环境的感知做出相应加速、减速和转向等决策。利用VBOX软件对天津港的大型车辆和普通车辆转弯时的数据进行采集,分析数据结果并对驾驶员的状态感知分量进行标定。在此基础上建立了基于元胞自动机的重型拖挂车弯道转弯模型,能够动态反映车辆的行驶轨迹、驾驶员的驾驶决策,以及进一步采取的决策对车辆行驶轨迹和周边交通流的影响。最后设计了多组特定环境下转弯路段的交通流仿真实验,输出交通流仿真数据和车辆时空图,仿真结果表明了该模型能够对存在重型拖挂车较多的弯道设计参数进行检验和修正,包括车道宽度、超高和曲线半径等,验证了模型的有效性和可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, much research is carried out on the travelling characteristics of heavy vehicles with the increasing numbers of heavy vehicle on the road, but little research is done on the turning features, further traveling influence analyzing and simulation of the heavy vehicles in microscopic traffic flow simulation area.In the first part of this paper, a research review is introduced, including recent research on car-following characteristics,overtaking and the psychological features of the drivers, and turning feature analysis of the heavy trailer, like drifting, overturning and side-slide behavior analysis and computer simulation research; next, cellular automaton theory is described, and cellular automaton models of single-cell, multiple-cell, multiple-lane and urban traffic flow are summarized and analyzed in this paper.Next, by analyzing the stressing situation of the heavy trailer turning, the driving track of the heavy trailer in normal and drifting driving conditions is deduced. A driver decision-making model is established, and we design the state awareness vector and component value constraints, which can help the driver to make corresponding action decisions, such as acceleration, deceleration and turning. Next, we use the VBOX to collect and analyze the turning data of the heavy trailer vehicles and ordinary passenger cars in Tianjin Port road, using which to value the state awareness vector. Then, the heavy trailer turning model is established based on cellular automation, in this model, the vehicle driving track and the driving decision can be described dynamically, and we also can get the simulation result of next action to the driving track and the traffic around.Finally, we design many groups of curve driving simulation experiments under certain circumstance, in which traffic simulation data and space-time diagrams can be got, The simulation results show that the curve design parameters of road with a high proportion of heavy trailer can be tested and corrected in this model, including lane width, ultrahigh and curve radius, by which the effectiveness and feasibility of this model can be verified.更多还原