【作者】 刘淼生；

【导师】 齐文新；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 模式识别与智能系统， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着世界人口数量的增长和社会化大生产的发展,人类对能源的需求不断增长。为解决能源危机,保护生态环境,实现经济社会可持续发展,世界各国都在大力开发和利用太阳能。如何有效对太阳进行跟踪,提高太阳能利用率已成为当前太阳能研究的热点问题。而传统的跟踪系统成本高、跟踪精度低,需要人工定期校准,难以达到提高太阳能利用率的目的。在分析当前国内外太阳跟踪器的发展现状、性能特点之后,提出一种视日运动轨迹和图像处理相结合的太阳跟踪方式。基于这种方式设计的太阳跟踪控制系统,首先以视日运动轨迹方式进行跟踪初步定位,确保太阳落在图像传感器的视场范围内;再启动图像传感器拍摄太阳位置图片,以基于图像处理的方式进行太阳跟踪,使太阳光斑始终位于图像中心。本课题完成了控制系统的硬件设计和软件设计。硬件部分包括图像采集、控制执行部件和实时时钟等其他模块,对主要芯片选型、工作原理、配置和电路设计做了详细介绍。软件部分则完成了主程序模块、视日运动轨迹跟踪模块、太阳光斑图像跟踪模块、图像处理算法的设计以及跟踪误差分析。经硬件和软件联合调试验证,本文设计的太阳跟踪控制系统的研究思路、跟踪控制方式、硬件设计、软件设计和图像算法设计均是切实可行的,系统具有结构简单、跟踪精度高、可靠性强等特点。本文的最后对所做的工作进行了总结,提出了系统设计中的不足之处,并对下一阶段的改进工作进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the growth of world population and the development of social production, human require more and more energy. In order to solve the energy crisis, protect environment, realize sustainable development of economy and society, countries in the world are vigorously exploiting and utilizing solar energy. How to track the sun effectively and improve solar energy utilization ratio has become a research hotspot in solar energy area. However, Traditional sun-tracker which costs too much, possesses low tracking accuracy, and needs to be periodically calibrated as required, can hardly enhance the performance of the solar energy transfer devices.After analyzing the current situation and performance characteristics of existing sun-trackers home and aboard, this paper designed a new tracking method which depends on solar movement and image processing. Sun-tracking controller based on the new method worked as follows: Firstly, the sun-tracker tracked the sun based on solar movement, so as to make sure the sun was in the viewing field of the imaging sensor. Secondly, the system activated the CMOS camera to take photos of the sun, and then tracked the sun based on image processing to make sure the solar facula was always in the center of the photo.This paper introduced the hardware and the software of the sun-tracking controller. The main chip selection, the working principle, the configuration and the circuit design of the hardware, which included image acquisition module, control executive part, real-time clock and other modules, are discussed in detail. The software part mainly discussed the main program design, the solar movement tracking program design, the solar facula tracking program design and the image processing algorithm design and the tracking error analysis.The hardware and the software experiments showed that the proposed tracking method, the hardware and software design of the solar tracking controller is practicable. The system had simple structure, high tracking precision and reliability.In the end, this paper pointed out the shortage of the system, and also presented the improving methods.更多还原