【作者】 赵颖；

【导师】 赵杰；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 太阳帆板是航天器的主要供能系统。航天器从发射到入轨的过程中,太阳帆板经历了折叠固定到解锁展开两个阶段。本文研制的基于形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy)的空间解锁机构,可以保证太阳帆板可靠固定及顺利解锁。本文在国防重点实验室自主课题的资助下,进行设计及研制工作,主要完成了如下的研究内容:首先,建立了SMA驱动器的实际模型,同时利用SMA的本构模型,推导出驱动器的一维数学模型。在Joule效应的基础上进一步推导出SMA通电加热的温度-时间关系,最终得到SMA-弹簧驱动器通电回复过程中应力、应变、温度、时间之间的数学关系,这为为实际的驱动器设计提供了理论基础。其次,设计出SMA空间解锁机构的本体结构,并进行加工。该结构采用吊钩锁紧方式,配合弹簧的预紧力,保证了机构连接的可靠性。基于上述数学模型,本文以解锁时间最短、解锁位移合适为主要设计原则,完成了驱动器元件的参数设计。基于ADAMS对解锁机构进行运动仿真,对其解锁速度进行检测,验证了方案的可行性。为了优化解锁机构地面试验效果,按地面试验条件对机构进行运动仿真,确定了影响机构性能的最大因素。对机构进行了强度校核,并确定了机构最大许用载荷。最后,基于仿真分析结果,搭建了解锁机构试验吊挂装置,可模拟解锁机构空间动作响应。设计了实验测试电路,可实现对解锁机构位移的精确测量,从而判定准确的解锁时间,达到测试机构性能的目的。实验结果表明:本文研制的基于SMA的空间解锁机构可实现解锁功能要求,并且具有良好的解锁同步性,机构质量轻、体积小、可重复使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The solar panels are the main energy supply system of the spacecraft. During the process of sending and entering into-orbit for the spacecraft, the solar panels undergoes two stages: folding fixed and unlocking deployment. The thesis introduces a release device which utilized Shape Memory Alloy (Shape Memory Alloy) as release actuator, and the device can guarantee proper locking and releasing of the solar panelsThis thesis is funded by independent subject of the Defense key laboratories, with the following work done:Firstly, the model of SMA-spring actuator has been established. According to the constitutive law of SMA material, we do the one-dimensional mathematic model derivation of the actuator. According to Joule effect, we do the time-temperature relationship derivation of the process of heating the SMA material by electric current, deduce strain-stress-temperature-time relationship of the actuator which is the theoretical basis of practical SMA-spring actuator design.Secondly, the structure has been designed and manufactured already. The release device is designed with the hook model and preloaded by spring which can guarantee the connection reliably. According to the least release time and the proper work displacement, the thesis has designed the SMA-spring actuator. The motion simulation, with the help of ADAMS, detect the movement velocity of the release device and verify the feasibility of the project. In order to optimize the results of the ground test, the motion simulation is carried on the basis of the ground test condition, to determine the most important effect factor.Lastly, according to the simulation results, experimental hanging structure has been established which can imitate the space installation of the release device. The experimental circuit has been designed which can measured the release time accurately,.The results obtained from the research of this thesis show that: the release mechanism based on SMA can achieve the expected technique data, and the synchronous property is rather good. Also the device is light, small, and reusable.更多还原